大气层内模型预测静态规划拦截中制导

在临近空间机动目标拦截中,拦截器的初始动力段对中制导段乃至末端拦截性能具有重要影响。在模型预测静态规划（MPSP）理论基础上提出了一种初、中制导联合规划制导方法,旨在解决多阶段、快速、最优拦截轨迹规划和制导问题。首先,提出了一种改进的模型预测静态规划方法,该方法不仅可以满足终端约束,还可以生成最优初始状态,并在性能指标中考虑状态变量相关函数。其次,基于等效阻力模型建立了包含动力段与非动力段的两段规划模型,通过采用分段离散以及构建关机点变分关系的方法,避免了内点约束的引入,使MPSP算法可直接求解该两段规划问题。最后,结合提出的MPSP算法以及两段规划模型,实现了终端速度最优的拦截轨迹规划,结合目标预测方法,实现了对机动目标的预测拦截。仿真结果表明,本文方法可提高制导精度和终端速度,且能更好满足对机动目标的拦截需求。     

伺服机构负载模拟系统设计与动态特性分析

针对火箭发动机喷管伺服机构的负载模拟问题,采用机械的方式,设计了一种可对伺服机构的惯性负载、摩擦力矩负载、弹性力矩负载、安装刚度以及发动机喷管柔性特征进行模拟的负载模拟器,并建立了模拟器和伺服机构数学模型。仿真分析了惯性负载、弹性力矩以及喷管柔性对伺服机构负载多自由度特性的影响。通过对伺服机构扫频实验,负载模拟器中的负载在一定范围内调节,可复现伺服机构实际工作中的动态特性。说明该负载模拟器结构设计合理,从而为具有多自由度特性的火箭伺服机构的负载模拟系统设计提供参考。该系统已经得到实际应用。     

辐射开环空间绳系机器人编队动力学及控制

提出了一种新型辐射开环空间绳系机器人编队系统,其在编队稳定性、任务灵活性及燃料消耗等方面具有明显的优势。针对辐射开环空间绳系机器人编队系统自旋运动过程中的构型误差控制问题,首先建立了编队系统的自旋动力学模型;然后分析了空间绳系机器人的绳系拉力和空间平台的自旋扭矩对编队系统自旋运动中出现的构型误差的控制能力;设计了一种依靠空间绳系机器人绳系拉力和空间平台自旋扭矩作为控制量,对构型误差进行控制的协调控制方法;最后通过数字仿真进行了校验和分析。仿真结果表明：设计的协调控制方法能够明显改善编队系统自旋运动中构型误差的控制效果。     

弱撞击对接机构捕获系统运动空间研究

以弱撞击对接机构（LIDM）捕获系统的运动空间为研究对象,提出了影响运动空间的主要因素如驱动臂长度、转动副转角、结构框内径等对运动空间的限制。在此基础上,对捕获系统运动空间及其各截面进行了分析,并详细讨论了结构框内径对运动空间的影响,对LIDM的设计和优化具有重要意义。     

多目标融合的冗余空间机械臂碰前轨迹优化

面向在轨对接与装配任务,提出了多目标融合的冗余度空间机械臂碰前轨迹优化方法。通过分析任务特点,阐述了空间机械臂碰前的多重任务目标。针对由空间机械臂连续轨迹跟踪、碰撞姿态控制及碰撞冲量幅值优化三个目标组成的第一类任务,通过设置任务优先级融合多目标并采用基于主任务零空间的方法实现对碰前轨迹的优化;而对由空间机械臂点到点规划、碰撞姿态控制及碰撞冲量幅值优化三个目标组成的第二类任务,通过设置任务权重将多目标融合并采用遗传算法对碰前轨迹进行优化。以典型七自由度机械臂为例开展仿真实验,验证了提出的轨迹优化方法的有效性。     

日盲紫外探测技术在空间预警中的应用

天基紫外预警是反弹道导弹武器的重要手段。文章从地球日盲紫外空间背景和导弹紫外辐射特性两方面进行分析,论证天基紫外空间预警系统可以获得较高的信噪比和信杂比,能够实现低虚警率的空间预警。同时提出了天基紫外空间预警系统可能的3种工作体制：单一基于紫外波段的天基预警系统存在发现目标较晚的问题;紫外—红外双波段天基预警系统可以实现更低的空间预警虚警率;红外—紫外光谱复合天基预警系统可通过紫外光谱观测辨别导弹种类。最后,文章对现有紫外探测技术进行分析,论证了AlGaN和SiC探测器用于天基紫外预警的可行性,并对其工作模式进行了分析。     

具有轨道倾角和最大高度约束的耗尽关机闭路制导

快速响应空间固体运载火箭轨道转移级以最大限度利用能量而非消耗能量为目的进行耗尽关机制导,基于椭圆轨道理论和牛顿迭代法,提出了一种适用于具有轨道、制导多种约束的耗尽关机闭路制导方法,通过实时寻找需要推力方向,充分利用轨道转移级能量,导引上面级进入具有给定轨道倾角和最大高度约束的转移轨道,同时实现耗尽关机.理论推导和数学仿真表明,本文提出的制导方法能在耗尽关机条件下实现对转移轨道的高精度控制.     

载人航天器的可重构式控温回路系统设计

文章提出了载人航天器的可重构式控温回路系统,它由独立的中低温内外回路系统组成,可改善低温内回路由于控温点温度较低而对辐射器散热能力带来的影响,还可在某个外回路辐射器故障时进行系统重构,维持回路功能。建立了控温回路系统非稳态仿真分析模型,对正常工作模式下和某外回路故障工作模式下各舱回路控温点温度、设备温度、流量分配和载人航天器热负荷水平进行了分析。结果表明,双外回路系统比单外回路系统散热能力高27%。当双外回路中某回路故障时,通过系统重构,外回路系统可维持1850W散热能力,能保障载人航天器平台安全,表明可重构式控温回路系统能提高系统可靠性。     

Science Researches of Chinese Manned Space Flight

With the complete success of the 2nd stage of Chinese Manned Space Program (CMSP), several science researches have been performed on Tiangong-1 experimental spacelab, which was docked with three Shenzhou spaceships one after another. The China's real spacelab, Tiangong-2 will be launched in 2015, docked with a Shenzhou spaceship soon. After six months, it will be docked with the first Chinese cargo ship (Tianzhou-1). More space science researches, involving with space biology, fluid physics, fundamental physics, materials science, Earth science, astronomy and space environmental science, will be operated on Tiangong-2 spacelab, and crewed and cargo spaceships. Furthermore, the considerable large-scale space utilization of Shina's Space Station is planned. The research fields include yet not limited to space medicine and physiology, space life science and biotechnology, fluid physics and combustion in microgravity, space material science, and fundamental physics in microgravity, space astronomy, Earth science, space physics and space environment utilization, technology demonstration.      

Effects of uncertainties and flexible dynamic contributions on the control of a spacecraft full-coupled model

One of the most important problems for performing a good design of the spacecraft attitude control law is connected to its robustness when some uncertainty parameters are present on the inertial and/or on the elastic characteristics of a satellite. These uncertainties are generally intrinsic on the modeling of complex structures and in the case of large flexible structures they can be also attributed to secondary effects associated to the elasticity. One of the most interesting issues in modeling large flexible space structures is associated to the evaluation of the inertia tensor which in general depends not only on the geometric ‘fixed’ characteristic of the satellite but also on its elastic displacements which of course in turn modify the ‘shape’ of the satellite. Usually these terms can be considered of a second order of magnitude if compared with the ones associated to the rigid part of a structure. However the increasing demand on the dimension of satellites due to the presence for instance of very large solar arrays (necessary to generate power) and/or large antennas has the necessity to investigate their effects on their global dynamic behavior in more details as a consequence. In the present paper a methodology based on classical Lagrangian approach coupled with a standard Finite Element tool has been used to derive the full dynamic equations of an orbiting flexible satellite under the actions of gravity, gravity gradient forces and attitude control. A particular attention has been paid to the study of the effects of flexibility on the inertial terms of the spacecraft which, as well known, influence its attitude dynamic behavior. Furthermore the effects of the attitude control authority and its robustness to the uncertainties on inertial and elastic parameters has been investigated and discussed.