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511.
Manabu Sugimoto Makoto Ishii Izumi C. Mori Shagimardanova Elena Oleg A. Gusev Makoto Kihara Takehiro Hoki Vladimir N. Sychev Margarita A. Levinskikh Natalia D. Novikova Anatoly I. Grigoriev 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2011
Barley seeds were exposed to outer space for 13 months in a vented metal container without a climate control system to assess the risk of physiological and genetic mutation during long-term storage in space. The space-stored seeds (S0 generation), with an 82% germination rate in 50 seeds, lost about 20% of their weight after the exposure. The germinated seeds showed normal growth, heading, and ripening. The harvested seeds (S1 generation) also germinated and reproduced (S2 generation) as did the ground-stored seeds. The culm length, ear length, number of seed, grain weight, and fertility of the plants from the space-stored seeds were not significantly different from those of the ground-stored seeds in each of the S0 and S1 generation. Furthermore, the S1 and S2 space-stored seeds respectively showed similar β-glucan content to those of the ground-stored seeds. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis with 16 primer combinations showed no specific fragment that appears or disappears significantly in the DNA isolated from the barley grown from the space-stored seeds. Though these data are derived from nine S0 space-stored seeds in a single exposure experiment, the results demonstrate the preservation of barley seeds in outer space for 13 months without phenotypic or genotypic changes and with healthy and vigorous growth in space. 相似文献
512.
Alankrita Isha Mrigakshi Daniel Matthiä Thomas Berger Günther Reitz Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber 《Advances in Space Research (includes Cospar's Information Bulletin, Space Research Today)》2013
The evidently low solar activity observed between solar cycles 23 and 24 during the years 2008–2010 led to a substantial increase in the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) intensity in comparison with preceding solar minima. As the GCRs consist of highly-ionizing charged particles having the potential to cause biological damage, they are a subject of concern for manned missions to space. With the enhanced particle fluxes observed between 2008 and 2010, it is reasonable to assume that the radiation exposure from GCR must have also increased to unusually high levels. In this paper, the GCR exposure outside and inside the Earth’s magnetosphere is numerically calculated for time periods starting from 1970 to the end of 2011 in order to investigate the increase in dose levels during the years 2008–2010 in comparison with the last three solar minima. The dose rates were calculated in a water sphere, used as a surrogate for the human body, either unshielded or surrounded by aluminium shielding of 0.3, 10 or 40 g/cm2. 相似文献
513.
将被测要素转换成现有三坐标可识别的几何要素,即用小平面代替不规则曲面,用与Ф3.175mm小斜孔相配合的圆器轴线代替该孔的中心线,这样就可以用现有三坐标测量软件编制测量程序,解决测量异型零件不规则曲面空间交点尺寸的技术问题。 相似文献
514.
An analysis of the orbital evolution of the ESA's Hipparcos satellite is presented. Hipparcos operated between August 1989
and March 1993 in a highly elliptical orbit: a geostationary transfer orbit with increased perigee height. The requirements
of the scientific mission included high accuracy knowledge of the position and velocity vectors of the spacecraft as a function
of time. Through a study of the variations in the total orbital energy, the loss of energy during the mission as a result
of non-conservative forces is recovered. These are explained as largely due to atmospheric drag during perigee passages. Apparent
variations in the drag coefficient are in agreement with orientation variations of the satellite during those perigee passages.
Two different models used for calculating the atmospheric drag give significantly different results, confirming earlier findings
by other users of those models.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
515.
516.
Deep Impact Mission Design 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
William H. Blume 《Space Science Reviews》2005,117(1-2):23-42
The Deep Impact mission is designed to provide the first opportunity to probe below the surface of a comet nucleus by a high-speed
impact. This requires finding a suitable comet with launch and encounter conditions that allow a meaningful scientific experiment.
The overall design requires the consideration of many factors ranging from environmental characteristics of the comet (nucleus
size, dust levels, etc.), to launch dates fitting within the NASA Discovery program opportunities, to launch vehicle capability
for a large impactor, to the observational conditions for the two approaching spacecraft and for telescopes on Earth. 相似文献
517.
Michael F. A’Hearn Michael J. S. Belton Alan Delamere William H. Blume 《Space Science Reviews》2005,117(1-2):1-21
The Deep Impact mission will provide the first data on the interior of a cometary nucleus and a comparison of those data with
data on the surface. Two spacecraft, an impactor and a flyby spacecraft, will arrive at comet 9P/Tempel 1 on 4 July 2005 to
create and observe the formation and final properties of a large crater that is predicted to be approximately 30-m deep with
the dimensions of a football stadium. The flyby and impactor instruments will yield images and near infrared spectra (1–5
μm) of the surface at unprecedented spatial resolutions both before and after the impact of a 350-kg spacecraft at 10.2 km/s.
These data will provide unique information on the structure of the nucleus near the surface and its chemical composition.
They will also used to interpret the evolutionary effects on remote sensing data and will indicate how those data can be used
to better constrain conditions in the early solar system. 相似文献
518.
Since its discovery in 1867, periodic comet 9P/Tempel 1 has been observed at 10 returns to perihelion, including all its returns
since 1967. The observations for the seven apparitions beginning in 1967 have been fit with an orbit that includes only radial
and transverse nongravitational accelerations that model the rocket-like thrusting introduced by the outgassing of the cometary
nucleus. The successful nongravitational acceleration model did not assume any change in the comet’s ability to outgas from
one apparition to the next and the outgassing was assumed to reach a maximum at perihelion. The success of this model over
the 1967–2003 interval suggests that the comet’s spin axis is currently stable. Rough calculations suggest that the collision
of the impactor released by the Deep Impact spacecraft will not provide a noticeable perturbation on the comet’s orbit nor
will any new vent that is opened as a result of the impact provide a noticeable change in the comet’s nongravitational acceleration
history. The observing geometries prior to, and during, the impact will allow extensive Earth based observations to complement
the in situ observations from the impactor and flyby spacecraft. 相似文献
519.
模糊σ-代数上的模糊数值测度及应用(Ⅰ) 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
张忠旺 《中国民航学院学报》2004,22(5):55-60
设(Χ,A,μ)是一个全有限测度空间,H为由A生成的模糊σ-代数。通过计算H中模糊子集的截集的测度,运用一维模糊数的嵌入定理,构造了一种定义在H上取值于一维模糊数空间的测度,这种测度限制在A上就是测度μ,并且具有可列可加性、下连续性、上连续性、自连续性等性质。这种测度取值一维模糊数,保留了模糊子集较多的信息,所以它可以更为细致地刻划模糊子集。作为在模糊聚类理论方面的应用,把(Χ,A,μ)上用于度量普通集合间不相似性的度量推广到了H上的模糊子集间,得到了一种基本的H上不相似度量。 相似文献
520.