水上飞机自由飞模型起飞与降落性能的综合试验

本文综述了用4台发动机为动力的水上飞机自由飞模型起飞与降落性能的综合试验,这些性能包括稳定性、操纵性、飞溅、水阻力、着水撞击、起飞砰击、失速及耐波性等。模型与真实飞机保持几何、质量、运动状态、拉力、升降舵效率及其波浪谱的相似,故模型试验与真实飞机的试飞结果比较符合。同时着重介绍了模型试验的机载测试系统与地面测试系统。     

深空探测器推进系统

以技术较成效的月球探测器、火星探测器推进系统为重点，介绍了国外深空探测活动的情况。简述了深空探测对推进系统的需求、我国航天器液体推进技术的现状。认为我国的推进技术经一些适应性发展，即可满足深空探测的需求，并且设想了我国近期较为可行的深空探测器推进系统方案。     

Future spacelift projections

In 1996 the NASA Advisory Council asked for a comprehensive look at future launch projections out to the year 2030 and beyond. In response to this request NASA sponsored a study at The Aerospace Corporation to develop long-range space transportation models for future commercial and government applications, and to analyze the design considerations and desired characteristics for future space transportation systems. Follow-ons to present space missions as well as a wide array of potential new space applications are considered in the study. This paper summarizes the space transportation system characteristics required to enable various classes of future missions. High reliability and the ability to achieve high flight rates per vehicle are shown to be key attributes for achieving more economical launch systems. Technical, economic and policy implications are also discussed.     

多体分离抛撒初条件与分离特征参数

多次风洞自由飞多体分离抛撒实验均证实了被抛撒物运动初条件对抛离成功与否有决定性影响;为此可采取"戴帽"措施;但数值计算结果与此相反,因而需深入开展研究,解决问题。常规形式的风洞测力方法,无法模拟各分离体之间很大的相对速度。分离过程中"特征时间"是很小的,因而风洞实验以及数值计算必须计及非常小的"特征时间"所反映的非定常气动力。多体分离的实践表明,至少在快速分离过程中运动动力学相似是必需的。     

GPS在航天器编队飞行任务中的基础性作用

GPS正在改变航天器的测控格局 ,拓宽卫星和星座控制技术 ,从而构成空间编队飞行定时、测量和控制的技术基础。国内外已开发出对航天器编队飞行任务进行精确定位和导航的GPS方案。GPS将充当一大类多航天器编队飞行任务的导航系统。在当前开发的空间编队飞行技术中 ,编队航天器的测量和控制、星间链路通信、任务综合与验证、编队飞行试验台、分散式控制、高轨道航天器的相对导航等 ,无一不与GPS息息相关     

CZ-4A运载火箭姿态控制系统设计与飞行试验

本文介绍长征四号A(CZ-4A)运载火箭姿态控制系统,内容包括: a 姿态控制系统方案和组成; b 数字控制系统设计采用的数学方法; c 数字自动驾驶仪的设计; d 箭上计算机调零; e 姿态控制伺服系统; f 首发CZ-4A运载火箭控制系统飞行结果。在CZ-4A运载火箭姿态控制系统方案中,数字式自动驾驶仪,双向摇摆发动机伺服系统和计算机调零方案均是国内首次使用,由于这些新技术的采用,使CZ-4A控制系统具有高的精度,大的适应能力,是大型运载火箭姿态控制系统中较好的方案。     

有限空间轴对称射流流场的数值模拟

本文在к－ε紊流模型下，采用罚有限元法对有限空间轴对称射流流场进行数值模拟。引用罚函数优化迎风格式和退化积分，建立有限元解法的数值矩阵，在不同截面上求得工，压力和紊流参数分布，计算结果与实验数据十分接近。本文研究结果可应用于火箭发动机的喷射设计和射流量论的研究。     

跨大气层和空间区域飞行器的液体推进剂管理

根据大气层飞行环境与机动飞行特点,以及空间飞行环境与液体推进剂特点,分析了跨大气层和空间区域飞行器的保证重力场和失重状态下均无夹气液体输送、控制液体推进剂质心位移、剩余推进剂空间排放和重复使用等液体推进剂管理技术要求。阐述了相应的关键技术,如包括无夹气输送、液体质心位移控制、失重状态下的流体动力、参数确定和结构设计等管理模式确定,以及包括模型参数确定、模型、状态模拟和验证等的管理模式试验。     

基于特征点的地形数据存储模型

低空突防在现代战争中发挥着越来越重要的作用，而机载数字地图是现代自主式低空突防系统的一个关键子系统。突防区域内的三维地形数据是数字地图最重要的信息源，故数字地图子系统的成功构筑有赖于在机载环境下有效地存储三维地形数据。本文提出了一种基于地形特征点的三维地形存储模型，其中给出了地形特征点的提取方法及地形特征点的存储编码方式。研究表明，该存储模型可大大减小地形数据的存储空间，并有利于提高三维地形的显示速度。     

A Geosynchronous Orbit Search Strategy

Since more than 10 years there is evidence that small-size space debris is accumulating in the geosynchronous orbit (GEO), probably as the result of breakups. Two break-ups have been reported in GEO. The 1978 break-up of an EKRAN 2 satellite, SSN 10365, was identified in 1992, and in 1992 a Titan 3C Transtage, SSN 3432, break-up produced at least twenty observable pieces. Subsequently several nations performed optical surveys of the GEO region in the form of independent observation campaigns. Such surveys suffer from the fact that the field of view of optical telescopes is small compared with the total area covered by the GEO ring. As a consequence only a small volume of the orbital element-magnitude-space is covered by each individual survey. Results from these surveys are thus affected by observational biases and therefore difficult to compare. This paper describes the development of a common search strategy to overcome these limitations. The strategy optimizes the sampling for objects in orbits similar to the orbits of the known GEO population but does not exclude the detection of objects with other orbital planes. A properly designed common search strategy clearly eases the comparison of results from different groups and the extrapolation from the sparse (biased) samples to the entire GEO environment.