开展我国载人航天空间环境地面模拟试验的建议

文章通过分析比较美国和俄罗斯载人航天发展的经验与教训,提出如何开展我国载人航天空间环境地面模拟试验的建议,从而保证我国载人航天飞行的成功.     

Optimal network topology of relative navigation and communication for navigation sharing in fractionated spacecraft cluster

Navigation sharing as a key technology provides orbit and attitude information broadcasting for the whole fractionated spacecraft cluster (FSC). The navigation sharing concept has already been proposed for some years. However, the problem of achieving the optimal navigation sharing by designing the proper network topology is still unsolved, especially in the case that some members of the cluster have absolute navigation devices, some just have relative navigation devices and some only have communication devices. In this paper, a comprehensive model of describing the navigation sharing problem in FSC is proposed. The model of network topology constructing by relative navigation links and communication links is established. By using the graph theory and genetic algorithm as the tool, the conditions for navigation sharing in FSC with different sharing degrees are obtained. Finally, some examples are presented to test the methods, and it has been found that, the absolute positions and attitudes of all the members can still be determined even some members in FSC have no absolute navigation devices.     

基于FPGA的星载步进电机控制电路设计

针对航天设备在轨运行时间长、不易更换的特点,提出了一种力矩宽且范围可调的步进电机控制电路设计。该电路原理样机以Xilinx公司的XC3S400pq-208型FPGA为核心控制芯片,以LMD18200为步进电机驱动芯片。在对电路总体设计进行介绍的基础上,重点阐述了航天过程中步进电机阻力矩增加的问题,以及通过脉冲频率和PWM控制技术调节输出力矩的方法。试验结果表明,力矩可调范围的最大值能够使力矩裕度达到4,匹配步进电机在轨运行过程中的力矩要求。     

对空间碎片近距随遇悬停的控制方法及悬停燃耗分析

对空间碎片检视或抓捕操控中的悬停控制及燃耗问题进行了研究。通过C-W方程,建立任务星近距随遇定点悬停控制模型,通过设计状态反馈控制器分析定点悬停的可控性以及推控要求,结果表明近距悬停需要与悬停位置相关的两个正交方向上的常值连续推力控制量,以及用于抵抗扰动的三轴向上的反馈变推力控制量。分析了近距随遇悬停的推控分系统配置,建立了长时近距随遇悬停的燃耗及燃耗速率的数学模型,最后分析了既满足安全距离需求、又满足悬停方位需求的最小悬停燃耗模型。     

阶梯波合成整流器及其调制策略

提出了基于阶梯波合成结构的整流器,具有开关频率低、谐波含量小、滤波器体积小、输入功率因数和输出电压可控等优点,非常适合大功率应用场合.详细介绍了其工作原理.分析了输出电压调节方法,并提出采用具有特殊采样时序的错时采样空间矢量调制方法对其进行PWM调节,既保留了阶梯波合成技术的消谐波能力又使得交流侧合成电压的相位和幅值可调,以便于实现输入单位功率因数和输出直流电压的调节,最后通过实验验证了该阶梯波合成整流器的可行性.     

Active debris removal of multiple priority targets

Today’s space debris environment shows major concentrations of objects within distinct orbital regions for nearly all size regimes. The most critical region is found at orbital altitudes near 800 km with high declinations. Within this region many satellites are operated in so called sun-synchronous orbits (SSO). Among those, there are Earth observation, communication and weather satellites. Due to the orbital geometry in SSO, head-on encounters with relative velocities of about 15 km/s are most probable and would thus result in highly energetic collisions, which are often referred to as catastrophic collisions, leading to the complete fragmentation of the participating objects. So called feedback collisions can then be triggered by the newly generated fragments, thus leading to a further population increase in the affected orbital region. This effect is known as the Kessler syndrome.     

一种基于微分代数的任意阶空间目标轨道传播方法及其分析

微分代数方法可以在不改变当前算法计算过程的基础上给出函数对自变量任意阶导数的精确值。本文给出了一种基于微分代数的任意阶空间目标轨道传播方法。本方法首先将初始微分代数代入轨道传播方程,然后用获得的高阶导数构造新的高阶微分代数。用新的高阶微分代数迭代前述过程可求解空间目标状态对时间的任意阶导数。最后,将任意阶导数代入泰勒展开公式求解空间目标轨道单步传播。本方法要求轨道传播方程采用的摄动力模型在轨道传播积分区间上是解析的。本文通过仿真分析验证了所提方法的有效性。     

模块化空间可展开天线支撑桁架结构的热-结构分析

对模块化空间可展开天线支撑桁架结构进行空间热交变环境下的热 结构分析,为天线结构因热致变形影响形面精度和网面稳定性提供合理的防护建议。采用ANSYS APDL有限元软件建立了大口径模块化空间可展开天线支撑结构的精细化数值模型,基于已有试验分别验证了模块化可展开天线结构有限元建模和热分析模型的正确性;分析了在瞬态温度场作用下约束位置等参数对支撑桁架弦杆及拉索应力的影响和热致变形规律。研究结果表明：空间可展开天线结构的应力和变形随时间历程发展与瞬态温度场变化趋势基本一致;同一瞬态温度场下,天线结构中心模块拉索热应力最大,同圈模块的弦杆热应力幅值基本相同,其上弦杆热应力逐圈增大,而拉索热应力逐圈减小;天线结构热致变形在距离约束最远端处整体累计值最大,上层中心点处累计热致变形可达15mm左右,对天线形面精度的影响不可忽略;将天线支撑桁架结构最外侧且距离结构中心最近的模块顶角和与相邻模块竖杆拼接处作为星载天线伸展臂约束时,天线结构的热致变形最小。将该处作为模块化空间可展开天线的展开支点,并建议对天线支撑结构表面采用涂刷隔热防护复合材料涂层等防护措施,以增加天线结构在太空极端环境的适应性,从而减小温度交变对天线整体形变和网面精度的影响。