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11.
S. M. Krimigis D. G. Mitchell D. C. Hamilton S. Livi J. Dandouras S. Jaskulek T. P. Armstrong J. D. Boldt A. F. Cheng G. Gloeckler J. R. Hayes K. C. Hsieh W.-H. Ip E. P. Keath E. Kirsch N. Krupp L. J. Lanzerotti R. Lundgren B. H. Mauk R. W. McEntire E. C. Roelof C. E. Schlemm B. E. Tossman B. Wilken D. J. Williams 《Space Science Reviews》2004,114(1-4):233-329
The magnetospheric imaging instrument (MIMI) is a neutral and charged particle detection system on the Cassini orbiter spacecraft designed to perform both global imaging and in-situ measurements to study the overall configuration and dynamics of Saturn’s magnetosphere and its interactions with the solar wind, Saturn’s atmosphere, Titan, and the icy satellites. The processes responsible for Saturn’s aurora will be investigated; a search will be performed for substorms at Saturn; and the origins of magnetospheric hot plasmas will be determined. Further, the Jovian magnetosphere and Io torus will be imaged during Jupiter flyby. The investigative approach is twofold. (1) Perform remote sensing of the magnetospheric energetic (E > 7 keV) ion plasmas by detecting and imaging charge-exchange neutrals, created when magnetospheric ions capture electrons from ambient neutral gas. Such escaping neutrals were detected by the Voyager l spacecraft outside Saturn’s magnetosphere and can be used like photons to form images of the emitting regions, as has been demonstrated at Earth. (2) Determine through in-situ measurements the 3-D particle distribution functions including ion composition and charge states (E > 3 keV/e). The combination of in-situ measurements with global images, together with analysis and interpretation techniques that include direct “forward modeling’’ and deconvolution by tomography, is expected to yield a global assessment of magnetospheric structure and dynamics, including (a) magnetospheric ring currents and hot plasma populations, (b) magnetic field distortions, (c) electric field configuration, (d) particle injection boundaries associated with magnetic storms and substorms, and (e) the connection of the magnetosphere to ionospheric altitudes. Titan and its torus will stand out in energetic neutral images throughout the Cassini orbit, and thus serve as a continuous remote probe of ion flux variations near 20R
S (e.g., magnetopause crossings and substorm plasma injections). The Titan exosphere and its cometary interaction with magnetospheric plasmas will be imaged in detail on each flyby. The three principal sensors of MIMI consists of an ion and neutral camera (INCA), a charge–energy–mass-spectrometer (CHEMS) essentially identical to our instrument flown on the ISTP/Geotail spacecraft, and the low energy magnetospheric measurements system (LEMMS), an advanced design of one of our sensors flown on the Galileo spacecraft. The INCA head is a large geometry factor (G ∼ 2.4 cm2 sr) foil time-of-flight (TOF) camera that separately registers the incident direction of either energetic neutral atoms (ENA) or ion species (≥5∘ full width half maximum) over the range 7 keV/nuc < E < 3 MeV/nuc. CHEMS uses electrostatic deflection, TOF, and energy measurement to determine ion energy, charge state, mass, and 3-D anisotropy in the range 3 ≤ E ≤ 220 keV/e with good (∼0.05 cm2 sr) sensitivity. LEMMS is a two-ended telescope that measures ions in the range 0.03 ≤ E ≤ 18 MeV and electrons 0.015 ≤ E≤ 0.884 MeV in the forward direction (G ∼ 0.02 cm2 sr), while high energy electrons (0.1–5 MeV) and ions (1.6–160 MeV) are measured from the back direction (G ∼ 0.4 cm2 sr). The latter are relevant to inner magnetosphere studies of diffusion processes and satellite microsignatures as well as cosmic ray albedo neutron decay (CRAND). Our analyses of Voyager energetic neutral particle and Lyman-α measurements show that INCA will provide statistically significant global magnetospheric images from a distance of ∼60 R
S every 2–3 h (every ∼10 min from ∼20 R
S). Moreover, during Titan flybys, INCA will provide images of the interaction of the Titan exosphere with the Saturn magnetosphere every 1.5 min. Time resolution for charged particle measurements can be < 0.1 s, which is more than adequate for microsignature studies. Data obtained during Venus-2 flyby and Earth swingby in June and August 1999, respectively, and Jupiter flyby in December 2000 to January 2001 show that the instrument is performing well, has made important and heretofore unobtainable measurements in interplanetary space at Jupiter, and will likely obtain high-quality data throughout each orbit of the Cassini mission at Saturn. Sample data from each of the three sensors during the August 18 Earth swingby are shown, including the first ENA image of part of the ring current obtained by an instrument specifically designed for this purpose. Similarily, measurements in cis-Jovian space include the first detailed charge state determination of Iogenic ions and several ENA images of that planet’s magnetosphere.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with a corrected cover date. 相似文献
12.
针对磁悬浮助推水平起飞运载器这种新型发射概念,采用概念性分析方法,研究地面发射参数对可重复使用运载器性能的影响规律。结果表明,助推发射水平起飞运载器在降低初始推重比、推进剂和结构质量等方面具有优势,最后得出地面发射参数的一组优化值。 相似文献
13.
飞船、宇航探测器、航天飞机等复杂外形航天器给气体动力学,包括稀薄气体动力学提出了新的要求。本文简要介绍了为计算过渡领域中气动力与热而发展的基于位置元概念的DSMC方法的通用算法。该方法解决了计算物面通量量的技术难点并已用于模拟圆球、飞船、类航天飞机的绕流。正在进行的航天实践,如麦哲伦飞船对金星的探测、行星大气中的气动制动、伽利略飞船的木星之行、尾屏蔽在太空中获得高真空的实验等等提出了新的气动力问题,稀薄气体动力学和DSMC方法是有力的工具。 相似文献
14.
本文根据航天飞机防热瓦缝隙流动的特点,从二维定常不可压缩层流的 N-S方程出发,提出了一个简化流动模型,即缝隙的二维流动可近似当作两个准一维沟槽流动的线性迭加,由此给出了缝隙中的热流率与压力、压力梯度和缝隙宽度的变化规律,并利用现有的实验结果作了验证。 相似文献
15.
确定投影空间维数和建立投影空间模型是计算机视觉领域中形态图计算时一个十分重要的基本问题,本文根据态图计算时特征视图拓扑结构等价的特点,指出轴测投影下的投影空间是二维空间,透视投影空间为三维空间,并分别了投影空间模型的建立方法,从而使复杂物体形科计算是简单可行。 相似文献
16.
Banach空间中微分包含解的存在性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
宋福民 《南昌航空工业学院学报》1996,(1):8-15
本文在无穷维Banach空产是中讨论微分包含解的存在性,先给出了几个普通微分包含的比较定理,讨论了近似解与解的关系,然后得到了Banach空间中微分包含解的存在性定理。 相似文献
17.
论述了空间积分声光相关器对脉冲调制连续波信号的瞬时响应,分析了从实时光电检测器中检测出的波形,该波形是脉冲宽度,加权函数参量和与脉冲位置相关的空间衍射光分布的函数。进一步提出了脉冲序列相关时的光分布关系并通过实验加以论证。 相似文献
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19.
中间柔性包带是环形可展开天线的重要组成部分.中间包带拔销器解锁后,复材包带与环形桁架同步展开.因复材包带柔性较强,它会绕根部固定端进行回弹,因此展开过程存在金属接头和桁架上复材薄壁管件碰撞风险.随着天线口径增大,该风险会持续增大.基于柔性多体动力学理论对超大型口径环形可展开天线包带展开过程进行动力学建模仿真,并在此基础... 相似文献
20.
星载综合孔径微波辐射计系统为了实现更好的辐射测量性能,在地面对通道间剩余相位通过相位定标实验进行测量,其结果用于亮温重构时对通道间剩余相位进行补偿。冗余空间定标方法基于自身阵列冗余基线信息,该方法无需额外资源支持即可对星载综合孔径微波辐射计系统定标,可作为一种在轨的验证方案对系统综合孔径微波辐射计系统通道间剩余相位进行评估。系统性的介绍了基于星载综合孔径微波辐射计系统观测到的场景,冗余空间定标方法以及对平坦场景提出利用模拟的平坦目标响应相位修正的方法,可在点源场景、平坦场景下利用冗余空间定标方法求解通道间剩余相位,并结合仿真验证该方法的可行性。 相似文献