星间二维光CDMA系统方案及性能分析

为了充分利用星间光通信的丰富带宽，提出并设计了星间二维光CDMA系统方案。考虑背景光、多用户干扰、APD接收机噪声及热噪声，给出了星间二维光CDMA通信系统的系统模型。采用数值分析的方法，分析了该通信系统的误码率性能。结果表明：星间二维光CDMA通信系统易受多用户干扰、码速率以及背景光等因素的影响；通过合理的设计各种参数，在星间二维光CDMA通信系统中可以获得多用户、高数据速率的通信性能。     

自由浮动空间双臂机器人的鲁棒协调控制

研究自由浮动空间双臂机器人在本体位置、姿态均不加控制时,抓取物体运动情况下的动力学协调控制。根据空间双臂机器人抓取系统的闭链约束关系,推导出广义雅可比矩阵,针对抓取系统动力学模型的不确定性,提出一种鲁棒协调控制方法,来控制被抓物体的运动,使被抓物体的运动轨迹跟踪期望的运动轨迹,并保证内力跟踪误差的有界性。通过对自由浮动空间平面双臂机器人进行鲁棒协调控制仿真实验,结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

Will space run out of space? The orbital debris problem and its mitigation

An appraisal of current and future risks from space debris is presented with the aid of calculations carried out by the MASTER model. The efficacy of various technical options -- such as fuel venting, de-orbiting and use of a graveyard orbit -- for counteracting the problem is discussed. The article then focuses on governmental and international cooperative measures and looks at the recent work done by subcommittees of the UN COPUOS.     

载人航天器的再入与回收

文中主要概述了美国载人飞船回收技术的发展,介绍了保证载人飞船安全返回着陆的方法、采用的回收控制技术、地面对再入返回段的测控支持、载人飞船的回收作业、载人飞船的应急返回和回收救援等技术问题。     

苏联(俄罗斯)载人航天器的发展史实

介绍了苏联（俄罗斯）各种载人航天器的研制、试验和使用情况。     

International cooperation and competition in civilian space activities

This article considers how the USA can best maintain its commercial and governmental competitiveness in space, while facilitating private investment and international marketing, and at the same time keeping up significant cooperation with other nations. The current state of US civilian space activities in each of these areas is summarized, and several alternative solutions are presented. The article concludes that strengthening US competition with other space-capable nations, and improving US ability to cooperate effectively, will require careful coordination of the activities of federal agencies with each other and with the private sector.     

Arms control and disarmament in space: the rough road to Vienna 1984: Part I

This article examines the international legal and diplomatic questions relating to arms control and disarmament, focusing on space-based activities. These relate importantly to the development of anti-satellite satellites (ASATs) and ballistic missile defence systems (BMDs). Part I of the article examines the goal of ‘peaceful uses’ of outer space as elaborated in national policies and in international fora, the debate that has has taken place at the international level over the meaning and definition of peaceful purposes, legal manoeuvres, particularly in the UN, and US responses, and recent Soviet initiatives relating to space militarization. Part II will appear in the next issue, and will consider the US Presidential-Congressional dialogue on these questions and recent Presidential initiatives.     

推进剂稳态燃速最优化辨识

考虑侵蚀燃烧对推进剂稳态燃速的影响,将推进剂稳态燃速模型参数辨识问题转化为非线性规划问题求解。采用Powell方法和并行遗传算法组成的混合优化方法,提高了非线性规划问题求解的效率和质量,得到了推进剂稳态燃速模型参数的全局最优辨识值。通过对设计空间的可视化进行优化收敛过程的参数分析,近似得到侵蚀燃烧模型参数的不确定性区间。     

行星际空间环境对探测器可靠性影响分析

空间环境是影响航天器可靠性的重要因素。与地球轨道航天器相比,行星际探测任务可能会遭受更加恶劣的空间环境,例如极端温度环境,辐射环境,腐蚀性大气环境、宇宙尘等,再加上行星际任务寿命长,采用先进的器件和材料,空间环境对行星际探测器的可靠性构成严重的威胁,直接关系到探测目标能否实现。因此考虑空间环境对行星际探测器的影响,开展相关的预先研究无论是对于制定行星际空间探测计划,还是搭载仪器的设计都具有非常重要的意义。文章分析了极端温度、辐射环境和行星表面综合环境对探测器的影响,并对开展相关研究提出了建议。     

地球静止轨道空间碎片的处置

介绍了国际机构间碎片协调委员会提出的关于地球静止轨道（GEO）空间碎片问题的研究结果和碎片处置的建议，主要内容包括：GEO与GEO环的概念、EGO上物体现状，EGO空间碎片处置的基本原则和8条具体处置措施建议。该建议已于2000年2月提交联合国和平利用外层空间委员会科技小组委员会第37届会议。