激波风洞中三角翼体模型的大攻角气动力测量和局部方法的应用

在激波管风洞中,模型自由飞方法测量了两种不同迎风面三角翼体模型的大攻角气动力。应用局部方法以一种迎风面外形的实验结果为依据,估算了另一迎风面外形的气动特性,结果与实验值吻合较好。另外,本文还进一步估算了航天飞机外形的气动特性,与美国的 CALSPAN 公司48英寸(1.2米)激波风洞中的实验值相比,结果也令人满意。从而表明,局部方法和实验相结合。用于简捷快速估算任意外形的高超声速气动特性是一有效的工程预示方法。     

钝体入水时的水下声场的测量

对钝体入水时的水下声场进行了深入研究。在水中大约30个不同的测点上，测量了入水时产生的水中激波(声波)的压力，从而获得了激波的空间能量分布及其传播速度的实验数据。     

Radiation engineering analysis of shielding materials to assess their ability to protect astronauts in deep space from energetic particle radiation

An analysis is performed on four typical materials (aluminum, liquid hydrogen, polyethylene, and water) to assess their impact on the length of time an astronaut can stay in deep space and not exceed a design basis radiation exposure of 150 mSv. A large number of heavy lift launches of pure shielding mass are needed to enable long duration, deep space missions to keep astronauts at or below the exposure value with shielding provided by the vehicle. Therefore, vehicle mass using the assumptions in the paper cannot be the sole shielding mechanism for long duration, deep space missions. As an example, to enable the Mars Design Reference Mission 5.0 with a 400 day transit to and from Mars, not including the 500 day stay on the surface, a minimum of 24 heavy lift launches of polyethylene at 89,375 lbm (40.54 tonnes) each are needed for the 1977 galactic cosmic ray environment. With the assumptions used in this paper, a single heavy lift launch of water or polyethylene can protect astronauts for a 130 day mission before exceeding the exposure value. Liquid hydrogen can only protect the astronauts for 160 days. Even a single launch of pure shielding material cannot protect an astronaut in deep space for more than 180 days using the assumptions adopted in the analysis. It is shown that liquid hydrogen is not the best shielding material for the same mass as polyethylene for missions that last longer than 225 days.     

双层项目驱动的“二四四”课程考核模式构建——以《ACCESS数据库程序设计》为例

改变传统的课程教学与考核模式,将先进的教考模式与策略思想融入计算机系列课程教学改革过程中,不仅可提高课程教学质量,也利于促进人才培养质量的提升。本文以《ACCESS数据库程序设计》课程为例,详细阐述了"双层项目驱动的‘二四四’课程考核模式"的构建。实践证明,这种模式有助于教学质量的提高,对学生自主性、研究性、协作性学习能力的培养起到了积极作用,值得进一步完善和推广。     

车身三坐标检测数据图形分析软件开发

根据三坐标测量机检测汽车车身后输出的数据特点,提出了一种计算机图形分析方法,并介绍了软件的编制.实施后,大大减少了车身精度分析时间,提高了分析准确性,并有效地提高了白车身质量.     

小天体探测自主绕飞智能规划建模

针对小天体探测存在显著通讯延迟、任务执行效率低等问题,梳理了小天体探测智能规划需求,面向自主绕飞任务开展了智能规划研究。首先将该问题分解为平台任务智能规划和载荷任务智能规划两部分。针对平台任务智能规划问题,基于PDDL语言设计了探测器自主管理知识模型,提出了基于状态时间线扩展的求解算法;针对任务智能规划问题,建立了基于CSP问题的智能规划数学模型,提出了基于遗传策略的求解算法。最后开发了仿真系统进行算法验证。仿真结果表明:该方法可综合平台与载荷需求,在存储、能源、通信等多种约束条件下,对绕飞探测任务进行统一的任务规划,并得到指令序列和动作序列,能够提高任务管控的智能化程度,降低任务操作的复杂性。     

Dynamics in the Phobos environment

The dynamical environment on and about the Martian moon Phobos is explored. This planetary moon provides a unique dynamical environment in the solar system, being subject to extreme tidal forces and having a characteristically non-spherical shape. Further, it is not in a fully circular orbit, meaning that it has librations that arise from its eccentricity, contributing to a periodic forcing environment. Thus, to plan and implement missions in the vicinity of and on Phobos will require these considerations be taken into account. In this paper the latest published models of the Phobos shape and dynamics are used to characterize its dynamical environment in close proximity orbit about the body, for motion across its surface and for controlled hovering motion in its vicinity. It is found that surface motion is subject to a number of “speed limits” that can cause a moving vehicle to leave the surface and to possibly escape the moon and enter orbit about Mars. In terms of orbital stability, the existence of libration orbit families are characterized down to the surface using an exact potential, and the known stable QSO orbits are shown to be associated with families of stable quasi-periodic orbits.     

改进的粒子滤波算法在软着陆小天体中的应用

针对小天体软着陆过程中估计目标天体质心视线的导航方法失效问题,给出了一种基于特征点信息的自主光学导航方法。为了进一步提高对轨道参数的估计精度,考虑到系统中存在的非高斯噪声,以及基本粒子滤波算法带来的粒子退化和采样枯竭问题,给出了一种改进的粒子滤波算法。最后,通过仿真计算,验证了所给出的自主光学导航方法以及改进的粒子滤波算法的可行性和有效性。     

小型预燃室周向燃油喷射旋流扩散燃烧的数值模拟

针对航空发动机燃烧室采用高温空气燃烧技术时的高温贫氧空气来源问题,设计了一个基于周向燃油喷射扩散旋流燃烧的新概念小型预燃室,并就周向燃油喷管的布置方式对小型预燃室内旋流燃烧状态的影响进行了数值研究.CFD数值模拟结果表明,当燃油喷管与法向夹角为30°～45°、余气系数为1～1.23时,小型燃烧室内产生稳定、壁面温度分布合理的旋流扩散燃烧.获得了具有合理出口温度分布、速度分布和氧浓度分布的高温贫氧空气.该预燃室为发动机燃烧室使用高温空气燃烧技术提供了条件.     

一种舰载近程小口径火炮的分配方案及其效能

根据舰载小口径火炮的分布特点和其对反舰导弹的有效性,分析设计了一种舰载小口径火炮的最优分配方案,并给出了该方案拦截效率的计算方法。