高速风洞航空弹射座椅大攻角大侧滑角试验技术研究

在ＦＬ－２４风洞中进行了试验Ｍ数为０．６０、０．９０及１．２０，攻角为０°～３６０°，侧滑角为０°～－９０°，试验雷诺数为（２．８～５．４）×１０６的高速风洞航空弹射座椅试验技术研究。结果表明，本项试验技术是可行的，所得航空弹射座椅的气动特性变化规律合理，试验数据可靠，量值可信，可用于航空弹射座椅的性能估算及飞行轨迹计算。     

疏水微槽道内层流减阻的实验研究

研究了光滑和带有横向凹槽结构的疏水微槽道内层流的流动特性和表面滑移效应。在硅片上加工了矩形截面微槽道,利用十八烷基三氯硅烷（octadecyltrichlomsilane OTS）在槽道内壁形成疏水薄膜。实验结果表明在光滑疏水微槽道内的水流压降比无滑移条件下的理论值减少8％。对于侧壁带有凹槽结构的疏水微槽道,流动阻力可以降低10％～30％。笔者采用micro—PIV测量得到的壁面表观滑移速度约为槽道中心速度的8％,滑移长度约为2μm。实验结果与滑移壁面条件下三维槽道内层流的解析解吻合,同时得到了带有凹槽结构的疏水微槽道内的流速分布。     

单向拉伸中TB5钛合金组织转变的原位观察

通过单向拉伸下的视频显微镜原位观察,定量研究了Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al(即为TB5)钛合金显微组织在拉伸过程中的演变规律.结果表明:单向拉伸时,该钛合金在弹性阶段组织变化不明显,而在塑性阶段随变形量的增加,组织中滑移带的变化可分为单滑移、多滑移和交滑移3个阶段.在单向拉伸过程中,由于滑移带从单滑移进入到多滑移,发生了几何硬化,导致晶粒变化减缓,滑移带的转动幅度变小.     

增加Doppler观测值实现实时动态PPP快速重新初始化

针对实时动态PPP中常常会遇到卫星信号中断或大部分卫星发生周跳而导致重新初始化的问题,可以将GNSS信号短时间中断看作是全部卫星发生周跳,通过研究Doppler观测值在快速重新初始化中的观测模型,进而提出联合伪距、相位、Doppler观测值及电离层延迟变化约束信息的数学模型,对于发生周跳的卫星,通过将周跳参数固定为整数以实现动态PPP快速重新初始化。根据实际算例,从多个角度进行统计分析表明引入Doppler观测值能够提高周跳修复的成功率,从而加快PPP快速重新初始化的过程。     

高速频繁起停球轴承设计与试验

为解决涡轮起动机用轴承在高速、频繁起停工况下易失效的问题,结合轴承设计准则,进行涡轮起动机用轴承结构参数设计和材料选取。基于轴承动力学理论,建立了动力学模型并进行了仿真分析,研究高速、频繁起停工况下的轴承动力学行为。在自主研发的试验机上进行轴承试验,试验过程中监测轴承温升及振动加速度值,轴承频繁起停、最高转速达12 000 r/min时,试验轴承温度低于130 ℃,振动加速度低于3.0g,试验后轴承无异常,验证了轴承设计和材料选取合理。通过优化设计和试验验证结果表明:轴承转速可达12 000 r/min,起动时间仅需60 s,停止时间仅需40 s,轴承能够完成连续频繁起停3 000次以上。      

Variable slip window technology in transition detection on pitching airfoil

In the pitching motion, the unsteady transition and relaminarization position plays an important role in the dynamic characteristics of the airfoil. In order to facilitate the computer to automatically and accurately calculate the position of the transition and relaminarization, a Variable Slip Window Technology(VSWT) suitable for airfoil dynamic data processing was developed using the S809 airfoil experimental data in this paper and two calculation strategies, i.e., global strategy and single p...     

小子样下导电滑环磨损失效仿真的可靠性评估研究

针对滑环失效数据较少的特点，构建导电滑环磨损失效模型，结合小子样数据处理法和随机性理论对滑环摩擦副进行可靠性评估研究。首先，考虑滑环摩擦副在热力电多场耦合环境下的特点，应用传热学、赫兹理论、能量守恒定律量化多场耦合对滑环摩擦副的影响，再结合Archard模型理论构建导电滑环摩擦副磨损失效模型。然后，采用小子样数据的虚拟增广法和Boot-strap法对仿真数据进行扩展，根据滑环磨损特征量分布规律分别得到随机失效阈值与固定阈值下的可靠度函数曲线，以某厂制造的导电滑环为例，进行滑环摩擦副可靠性评估，实验结果表明随机失效阈值下的可靠度与实际更接近。研究表明所构建的磨损模型和方法可以有效地对导电滑环进行可靠性评估，避免了传统的必须依赖大量试验数据的方法，解决了缺少滑环试验数据而难以进行可靠性评估的问题，填补了导电滑环可靠性研究的空白。     

Impacts of the PAH size and the radiation intensity on the IR features of illuminated dust within the reflection nebulae

Interstellar dust grains are illuminated in the reflection nebulae. Under conditions of the PAH size and the intensity of the interstellar radiation field, we follow their impact on the PAH aromatic infrared bands using the numerical DustEM code. For a dust model consisting of PAH, amorphous C and amorphous silicate, the PAH size varies in a range from 0.31 to 4.9 nm while the radiation intensity varies by a scale factor from 0.1 to 10⁴. Various trends of the results show the effect of varying both the PAH size and the radiation intensity on the strength of the aromatic mid-IR bands. Through small PAH sizes less than 0.7 nm, the grain temperature distribution of PAHs shows a small variation within 2–3 K at low radiation intensity while it increases to 15 and 8 K for PAH⁰ and PAH⁺, respectively, at higher radiation intensity. In final the variability in these results reveals the evolution of the dust grains under the physical space conditions of the reflection nebulae. In the mid-IR region, the contributions of PAH⁰ and PAH⁺ in the total SED intensity agree with the proportions of these PAHs observed in some reflection nebulae having higher radiation intensities.     

压气机叶片辊轧模具型腔前滑补偿方法

辊轧模腔是叶片无余量辊轧成形的关键,然而压气机叶片辊轧成形过程中存在前滑现象,造成叶片沿辊轧方向精度偏差,需要在模具型腔设计过程中补偿前滑量,以实现叶片沿积叠高度的精确成形。针对叶片辊轧前滑现象,本文提出并研究了基于辊轧前滑补偿的压气机叶片辊轧模具型腔优化设计方法。首先,在分析前滑成因及叶片截面前滑表征模型的基础上,研究了前滑补偿机理并建立了前滑补偿模型,即型腔中心角与叶片积叠高度的对应关系。在此基础上,通过提取表征叶片的工艺模型截面线族,顺次计算截面前滑值并基于前滑补偿模型对辊轧模具型腔中心角进行修正。然后,基于修正后的型腔中心角,建立叶片工艺模型截面线族到型腔截面线族的空间扇态映射法则并进行截面线映射变换,进而基于型腔截面线重构了基于前滑补偿的叶片辊轧模具型腔。最后,通过高置信度数值计算方法比较了前滑补偿模腔和直接空间几何映射模腔辊轧成形叶片的积叠高度。结果表明,优化后的模具型腔能够有效提高叶片积叠轴方向上的成形精度。     

First evidence of anisotropy of GPS phase slips caused by the mid-latitude field-aligned ionospheric irregularities

The mid-latitude field-aligned irregularity (FAI) along the magnetic field line is a common phenomenon in the ionosphere. However, few data reveal the field-aligned ionospheric irregularities. They are insufficient to identify FAIs effects so far, particularly effect on global positioning system (GPS) signals. In this paper, the mid-latitude FAIs by line-of-sight angular scanning relative to the local magnetic field vector are investigated using the denser GPS network observations in Japan. It has been the first found that total GPS L2 phase slips over Japan, during the recovery phase of the 12 Feb 2000 geomagnetic storm were caused by GPS signal scattering on FAIs both for the lines-of-sight aligned to the magnetic field line (the field of aligned scattering, FALS) and across the magnetic field line (the field of across scattering, FACS). The FALS results are also in a good agreement with the data of the magnetic field orientation control of GPS occultation observations of equatorial scintillation during thorough low earth orbit (LEO) satellites measurements, e.g. Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Satellite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C (SAC-C). The role of large-angle scattering almost along the normal to the magnetic field line in GPS scintillation is determined by attenuation of the irregularity anisotropy factor as compared with the other factors.