Safety assessment of approximate segregated parallel operation on closely spaced parallel runways

With the continuous growth of air traffic flow, some airports in China or other countries begin to construct Closely Spaced Parallel Runways (CSPR) to meet the capacity requirement of civil aviation. In this paper, the simulation and calculation method of flight trajectory is developed, as well as the collision risk calculation method and wake vortex encounter risk calculation method. New methods for departure and go-around procedures are proposed to achieve approximate segregated parallel operation in an attempt to obtain approximately the same results on closely spaced parallel runways as on widely spaced parallel runways. By comparing with the independent parallel departure and segregated parallel operation in ICAO Doc. 9643, it is found that the lateral separation between aircraft in this proposal is not less than the separations in the other two cases. Based on the simulation calculation of flight trajectories under different conditions, the probabilities of collision conflict and encountering wake vortex are lower than those in current operation plan. The proposed plan has no special requirements in pilot operation, control command procedures, airport facilities, or meteorological observation and prediction, so it is convenient to promote and implement at the airports with closely spaced parallel runways.     

波音737NG飞机氮气发生系统的故障分析

氮气发生系统(NGS)是波音737NG飞机新加装的系统,本文介绍了NGS的原理,对该系统的典型故障原因进行了分析并介绍了相应的排故方法。     

尾缘S3面积比梯度对涡轮后机匣的影响

针对整流叶栅与支板融合设计中难以采用三维叶片造型对二次流进行控制的情况,开展对涡轮后机匣内部整流叶栅尾缘S3面积比梯度的研究。以某15级涡轮为例,通过数值模拟的方法,对比三种设计的内部流场和气动性能,验证了降低尾缘S3面积比梯度控制角区二次流的方法。结果显示:尾缘S3面积比梯度从001降低到-005时,整流叶栅总压恢复系数从0979升高到0991,5%展高处S参数从0011降低到0005,吸力面和轮毂端壁处的回流区消失,角区分离得到有效控制;尾缘S3面积比梯度从-005降低到-010时,吸力面角区流动速度增加,5%展高处S参数不再变化、堵塞程度降低、轴向密流比(AVDR)升高、总压恢复系数升高。     

叶尖单侧倒圆对扩压叶栅叶顶间隙流动的影响

提出了一种控制扩压叶栅叶顶间隙流动的方法,通过对叶尖压力面小尺度的倒圆修型,改善了扩压叶栅叶顶间隙流动状况。通过数值模拟方法研究叶尖倒圆结构对扩压叶栅性能的影响及作用机理,并探究3种不同倒圆半径(约为3%、4%、6%的叶片最大厚度)叶尖倒圆结构的流动控制效果。结果表明:叶尖倒圆能够削弱叶尖分离涡,进而影响叶尖流场不同涡系之间的相互作用,使得叶顶间隙通道附近的总压损失减少;但是叶尖倒圆半径越大,泄漏流流量越大,会加剧泄漏流与主流的掺混,使总压损失增加。因此合适的叶尖倒圆半径能够使叶栅性能得到最大程度的改善。此外,在倒圆半径为3%叶片最大厚度时,叶栅在较大的攻角范围内均获得了良好的改善损失的效果。     

多相等离子体气动激励抑制翼型失速分离的实验

开展了多相等离子体气动激励抑制NACA0015翼型失速分离的实验,详细研究了翼型升阻特性随激励电压、激励相角、输入电压波形和占空比等激励参数的影响.研究表明:雷诺数Re=4.9×105(来流速度60m/s)时,多相等离子体气动激励可有效抑制NACA0015翼型吸力面的流动分离,将翼型临界失速攻角提高2°;相位对流动控制...     

基于Event的垂直碰撞风险改进模型研究

空中交通流量的快速增长,导致空域资源紧张和大量航班延误。使用新航行技术缩小间隔标准可以有效地缓解上述问题。因此,对航路的碰撞风险进行评估具有重要意义。传统Event模型的碰撞模板是一个长方体模板,本文在前人研究的基础上提出了用椭球体代替长方体碰撞模板的思想,并对飞机穿越垂直间隔片的概率重新进行计算。结果表明,在相同条件下改进后的Event碰撞风险模型是原模型碰撞概率的53.38%,改进的碰撞风险评估模型更加精确合理。     

过渡区侧向喷流干扰的并行DSMC数值模拟研究

在高空低密度环境,空间飞行器的控制面效率下降较快,反作用控制系统(RCS)作为改变飞行姿态或轨道的直接力系得到大量应用,为了精确预测高空RCS喷流与稀薄大气的干扰效应,本文建立了直角与表面非结构网格混合结构的DSMC数值算法以及网格自适应算法,保证了碰撞分子是在自适应后的亚网格内选取,提高了计算精度.采用静态随机负载平衡技术构建了并行DSMC代码,计算分析了不同压比条件下的三维平板模型侧向喷流与稀薄大气的干扰流场.计算的复杂流场结构和表面流动特征、分离长度与低密度风洞试验有较好的一致性.在保持来流参数不变的情况下,喷流干扰区的分离长度及喷流透射高度随着喷流压比的增大而增大.随着来流稀薄度的增加,来流对喷流的影响越来越弱,而喷流自身的影响区域却越来越大.     

亚声速S弯进气道研究的新进展

当前推进系统与飞行器正朝着高度融合的方向发展,超紧凑蛇形进气道和边界层吸入式进气道则是实现两者融合的关键之一。本文综述了近十余年来国内外关于这两类亚声速S弯进气道的最新研究进展。受显著横向压力梯度、流向逆压梯度的作用,两类进气道内部均存在明显的流动分离,并诱发了大尺度的流向对涡和显著的出口总压畸变。为此,研究者发展了被动式、主动式、混合式等多种流动控制方法,可在不显著降低总压恢复系数的前提下,大幅降低设计工况时出口周向总压畸变。并且,已经建立可适应任意异形进口的S弯进气道气动型面通用设计方法。最后,已有的CFD方法可以较为准确地预测AIP截面平均总压恢复系数,但畸变指数偏差较大。     

轴流压气机近失速及旋转失速全通道数值模拟

为研究轴流压气机失速起始的动态过程,对某两级低速轴流压气机的第1级进行整环全通道模拟.结果表明:在近失速点流场中存在周向大尺度的速度波动,该波动与静子叶排首先出现的周向不均匀分布的叶背附面层分离密切相关,并且随着压气机进一步节流,波动幅值逐渐增大,最终诱发转子若干通道出现严重附面层分离,堵塞流道,压气机进入旋转失速.失速团完全发展后的转动频率与试验结果吻合较好.      

Evaluating the robustness of the enantioselective stationary phases on the Rosetta mission against space vacuum vaporization

The European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission was launched in March 2004 in order to reach comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko by August 2014. The Cometary Sampling and Composition experiment (COSAC) onboard the Rosetta mission’s lander “Philae” has been designed for the cometary in situ detection and quantification of organic molecules using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The GC unit of COSAC is equipped with eight capillary columns that will each provide a specific stationary phase for molecular separation. Three of these stationary phases will be used to chromatographically resolve enantiomers, as they are composed of liquid polymers of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to which chiral valine or cyclodextrin units are attached. Throughout the ten years of Rosetta’s journey through space to reach comet 67P, these liquid stationary phases have been exposed to space vacuum, as the capillary columns within the COSAC unit were not sealed or filled with carrier gas. Long term exposures to space vacuum can cause damage to such liquid stationary phases as key monomers, volatiles, and chiral selectors can be vaporized and lost in transit. We have therefore exposed identical spare units of COSAC’s chiral stationary phases over eight years to vacuum conditions mimicking those experienced in space and we have now investigated their resolution capabilities towards different enantiomers both before and after exposure to space vacuum environments. We have observed that enantiomeric resolution capabilities of these chiral liquid enantioselective stationary phases has not been affected by exposure to space vacuum conditions. Thus we conclude that the three chiral stationary phases of the COSAC experiment onboard the Rosetta mission lander “Philae” can be considered to have maintained their resolution capacities throughout their journey prior to cometary landing in November 2014.