Polynomial Representation of NURBS and Its Application to High Frequency Scattering Prediction

This article presents a method that uses physical optics (PO) techniques to compute the monostatic radar cross section (RCS) of electrically large conducting objects modeled by non-uniform rational B-spline (NURBS) surfaces. At the beginning, a new algorithm to convert recursive B-spline basis function into piecewise polynomials in power form is presented. Then, algorithm computes the polynomial representation of B-spline basis functions and NURBS surface geometric parameters are obtained. The PO integral over NURBS surfaces of an electrically large conducting object is used to predict the object's RCS. The NURBS surface is divided into small piecewise polynomial parametric patches by isoparametric curves, and the PO integral expression over the parametric domain of each polynomial parametric patch is reduced to an analytical expression which permits an accurate and effective computation of the PO integral by using a modified Ludwig's algorithm. The RCS of the object can be obtained by adding up the PO integral contribution of each polynomial parametric patch. The effectiveness of this method is verified by numerical examples.     

Studies on the imaging characteristics of Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope: Optical aberration and scattering

In order to better understand the characteristics of Yohkoh Soft X-ray Telescope (SXT) mirror, we have analyzed the in-flight overexposed image (the starburst image) obtained during the solar flare observation. It has been revealed from our study that the intensity distribution inside the shadows shown in the scattering difference image contains little of the scattered component of the PSF and matches almost correctly the extension of the PSF core profile. Also it is found that the scattering wing of the SXT PSF is connected smoothly to the PSF core within the distance of about 100–200 arcsec from the peak. With numerical simulations we have shown that an increase in energy affects not only the level of scattering wing, but also both the shape and the absolute level of the PSF core. The results have revealed, however, that the energy dependence for the SXT PSF cannot be easily estimated with the data obtained from one filter alone, which implies that the data analysis using multiple filters will enable us to determine the absolute amount of scattered component as well as the energy dependence of the SXT PSF. Details on the analysis of starburst image and the results from numerical simulations will be introduced and discussed thoroughly.     

海上舰船目标的宽带雷达散射特征信号仿真

提出一种将目标高频电磁（EM）散射计算多径回波模型与不同海况条件下粗糙海面前向复反射系数模型相结合的方法,对海上舰船目标宽带雷达回波进行仿真和分析。简要分析了目标-海面相互作用的多径回波模型,给出了目标体的电磁散射计算方法,研究了不同海况条件下海面前向复反射系数随频率和擦地角的变化特性,并通过仿真分析了海面对舰船目标雷达回波的影响。对比分析舰船目标体直接散射及在不同海况条件下考虑多径效应时的雷达散射截面（RCS）变化特性,并在不同海况条件下对目标进行二维逆合成孔径雷达（ISAR）成像仿真,验证了本文方法的有效性。     

High-precision RCS measurement of aircraft’s weak scattering source

The radar cross section(RCS) of weak scattering source on the surface of an aircraft is usually less than 40 d Bsm.How to accurately measure the RCS characteristics of weak scattering source is a technical challenge for the aircraft's RCS measurement.This paper proposes separating and extracting the two-dimensional(2D) reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source with the microwave imaging algorithm and spectral transform so as to enhance its measurement precision.Firstly,we performed the 2D microwave imaging of the target and then used the 2D gating function to separate and extract the reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source.Secondly,we carried out the spectral transform of the reflectivity distribution and eventually obtained the RCS of the weak scattering source through calibration.The prototype experimental results and their analysis show that the measurement method is effective.The experiments on an aircraft's low-scattering conformal antenna verify that the measurement method can eliminate the clutter on the surface of aircraft.The precision of measuring a 40 d Bsm target is 3–5 d B better than the existing RCS measurement methods.The measurement method can more accurately obtain the weak scattering source's RCS characteristics.     

Imaging of the Space-time Structure of a Vortex Generator in Supersonic Flow

The fine space-time structure of a vortex generator (VG) in supersonic flow is studied with the nanoparticle-based planar laser scattering (NPLS) method in a quiet supersonic wind tunnel. The fine coherent structure at the symmetrical plane of the flow field around the VG is imaged with NPLS. The spatial structure and temporal evolution characteristics of the vortical structure are analyzed, which demonstrate periodic evolution and similar geometry, and the characteristics of rapid movement and slow change. Because the NPLS system yields the flow images at high temporal and spatial resolutions, from these images the position of a large scale structure can be extracted precisely. The position and velocity of the large scale structures can be evaluated with edge detection and correlation algorithms. The shocklet structures induced by vortices are imaged, from which the generation and development of shocklets are discussed in this paper.     

MRTD方法的色散特性分析和电磁散射应用

将基于Daubechies尺度函数的时域多分辨(Multiresolution time-domain,MRTD)方法应用于三维目标的电磁散射和雷达目标特性分析中,并对其Courant稳定性条件和色散特性进行了分析.在入射波引入方面,提出应用总场/散射场技术,在连接边界周围定义一些"修正区域",并推导出一系列"修正区域"内的迭代公式,把入射场作为"连接边界条件"引入到计算区域.理论分析和实验结果表明,基于Daubechies尺度函数的MRTD方法和入射波引入方法是有效的,且与传统的FDTD方法相比,MRTD方法在保持计算精度的前提下能够节省计算资源.     

三维复杂目标求解的多层快速多极子方法

采用多层快速多极子方法(Multilevel fast multipole algorithm,MLFMA)求解混合场积分方程(Combined field integral equation,CFIE),并选择RWG型基函数,对金属带缝锥球体、三面角反射器以及钻石体的单站RCS(Radar cross section)进行了计算,计算结果与试验吻合良好.在此基础上计算了F-22缩比模型的单站RCS,其计算量、存储量分别达到O(NlogN)量级和O(N)量级,此方法适用于带有尖点和特别细长曲面的三维复杂目标,如战斗机外形的RCS计算分析.     

计算整机雷达散射截面的部件组合方法

本文应用部件组合方法结合相对相位综合技术计算丁某型战斗机的雷达散射截面(RCS)。部件组合方法是估算复杂形体目标RCS的一种有效方法,但同时也存在精度较差的不足。为解决这一问题,在分析计算中本文将真实目标等效为较多个部分典型几何体(如部分椭球,部分椭圆平板等)的组合,并首次应用准三维凹曲面作为典型散射体来替代战斗机的翼身融合过渡部分,从而使简单散射体的组合体较好地保持了原目标的散射特性。计算及其与测试结果的比较表明,本文采取的措施使部件组合法的计算精度有了很大改善,使之成为一种简便、省时、具有较高精度的估算整机RCS的有效方法。在全方位角范围内,计算与测试值的均方误差小于3dB,最大误差小于6dB。在IBM—4341机上用本文程序计算某型机在某一姿态角下的RCS(垂直和水平两种极化)分布曲线,只需约4分钟CPU时间。     

GNSS无源 MIMO雷达系统及其探测性能分析

提出一种综合使用多GNSS系统可用导航卫星信号源和基于MIMO信号处理体制的无源多基地雷达系统结构,利用M IM O处理获得的空间分集增益来改善雷达探测性能。分析了系统的可用信号源情况,讨论了系统中前向散射区的确定和目标前向散射RCS的计算问题,在此基础上,对基于GNSS信号的无源MIMO雷达系统的探测性能进行了深入研究并给出了仿真计算结论。     

基于远场模式的散射体形状成像

对线性抽样法的电磁场逆散射求解进行了研究。为避免迭代和优化法的正问题求解,用积分算子将散射物边界数据映射到散射场的远场模式,针对第一类积分方程的不适定性,用Tikhonov正则化法求解,并用高阶收敛算法确定正则化参数以快速数值实现。数值计算结果表明：线性抽样法＋确定正则化参数的高阶收敛算法可较好地滤除噪声,减少了确定正则化参数的计算量。