Validation of the in-flight calibration procedures for the MICROSCOPE space mission

The MICROSCOPE space mission aims to test the Equivalence Principle with an accuracy of 10^-15${10}^{-15}$. The drag-free micro-satellite will orbit around the Earth and embark a differential electrostatic accelerometer including two cylindrical test masses submitted to the same gravitational field and made of different materials. The experience consists in testing the equality of the electrostatic acceleration applied to the masses to maintain them relatively motionless. The accuracy of the measurements exploited for the test of the Equivalence Principle is limited by our a priori knowledge of several physical parameters of the instrument. These parameters are partially estimated on-ground, but with an insufficient accuracy, and an in-orbit calibration is therefore required to correct the measurements. The calibration procedures have been defined and their analytical performances have been evaluated. In addition, a simulator software including the dynamics model of the instrument, the satellite drag-free system and the perturbing environment has been developed to numerically validate the analytical results. After an overall presentation of the MICROSCOPE mission, this paper will describe the calibration procedures and focus on the simulator. Such an in-flight calibration is mandatory for similar space missions taking advantage of a drag-free system.     

多光谱相机高稳定性光机结构设计技术

文章针对测绘应用对多光谱相机设计的技术要求,从影响相机内方位元素和在轨成像品质因素出发,结合三反离轴相机的特点,重点分析多光谱相机高稳定性设计（力学和热）。多光谱相机主体反射镜通过选取零膨胀的微晶玻璃和殷钢材料,降低了反射镜的热敏感性,反射镜组件通过采用四点球铰无应力支撑技术实现了反射镜的静定支撑、消除掉了反射镜装配应力,保证了反射镜面型的稳定性。相机主体结构与卫星的连接采用柔性卸载结构设计,卸载了卫星结构由于热变形而导致的相机结构变化,保证了相机主体结构的在轨性能稳定性。通过对整个相机进行有限元分析和环境试验,有效地验证了设计的正确性,多光谱相机主体具有较好的结构稳定性。     

一种GEO/LEO双层卫星网络路由算法及仿真研究

时间虚拟化策略的时间片过短将影响路由性能,提出一种基于GEO/LEO双层卫星网络的时间虚拟化和分层管理的路由算法（VLRA）,对时间虚拟化策略进行合理改进,通过新的分层管理思想,在每个时间片开始进行路由计算和更新。分析和仿真验证表明,改进的时间虚拟化策略得到的时间片更合理,利于网络的路由和通信。GEO/LEO双层卫星网络下VLRA算法时延稳定,并具有较好的丢包率和吞吐量性能。     

新型GNSS信号波形设计

在发射带宽严格受限的约束下连续函数波形信号较传统矩形波形表现出了较高的频谱利用率优势和优良性能,很有可能应用到未来的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS,Global Navigation Satellite System)信号体制中.在建立导航信号波形设计准则的理论模型基础上,研究了7种可能适用于未来GNSS系统的新型信号波形,在典型的宽/窄发射带宽条件下,通过仿真评估了传统GNSS信号和新型GNSS信号的精度、抗多径、抗干扰等性能,优选出BOCc和MSK两种适用于不同环境的信号波形: 在频谱资源充足的情况下,BOCc信号具有最优的导航性能;在频率资源受限的情况下,MSK信号兼容性好,抗干扰能力强,拥有较好的导航性能.最后,结合两类信号波形的优缺点提出了我国新一代卫星导航系统信号波形设计的建议.     

基于多种并发机制的卫星电子设备地面测试软件设计方法

在卫星电子设备测试系统中,地面测试软件不仅要访问测试系统硬件,而且需要与用户直接交互,并完成测试数据的存储和管理,并发处理能力是测试系统可靠和正确的关键,传统软件设计采用的串行策略无法适应卫星地面测试软件中的并发处理需求.为解决上述问题,提出多线程、消息机制、共享缓冲区、P-V操作4种并发机制相结合进行程序设计的方法.实际应用表明采用这种基于多种并发机制的程序设计方法能可靠实现卫星地面测试软件,有效解决了软件开发中的并行性问题.     

LEO卫星电源系统拓扑研究

基于30个近地轨道（LEO）卫星任务及其电源系统应用情况,在系统层面上对5种电源系统拓扑进行了分析比较,包括配置方式、控制原理、效率及器件等。针对功率调节性能和器件组成规模,选择配有最大功率点跟踪（MPPT）的升一降压调节器（B2R）作为多适用的电源系统拓扑。此系统适应LEO卫星需求,属于拓扑用途广泛的电源系统,可通过合理配置热备份的功率调节模块来实现功率组合及可靠性设计,具有较高的兼容性,能够满足中国LEO卫星任务需求。     

卫星集群概念研究

卫星星座的核心特征是扩展覆盖,卫星编队飞行的核心特征是扩展基线,这些相关概念都已找到其突出优势的应用。模块化分离卫星的重点落在了卫星上,容易引起＂为什么用一群卫星取代一颗卫星＂的质疑,对认识集群技术、寻找其有突出优势的应用有误导作用。文章提出了卫星集群的概念,指出集群的组成是个性化的卫星而不是卫星分系统这一事实,重点应落在集群上;提出了卫星集群的核心特征是卫星之间的集群关系,包括信息、物质和能量等的自组织交换;提出了集群关系、个性化特征和进化能力是卫星集群的三个社会化基本特征;指出区分一颗卫星是否属于卫星集群的标准是看该卫星是否具有社会化特征;比对人类社会个体间相互联系,预测和分析了卫星集群的社会层次关系;指出卫星集群族级应用是突破口,为寻找卫星集群相对于单颗卫星具有突出优势的典型应用指出了思路和方向。     

Characteristics and accuracies of the GRACE inter-satellite pointing

For almost 10 years, the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) has provided information about the Earth gravity field with unprecedented accuracy. Efforts are ongoing to approach the GRACE baseline accuracy as there still remains an order of magnitude between the present error level of the gravity field solutions and the GRACE baseline. At the current level of accuracy, thorough investigation of sensor related effects is necessary as they are one of the potential contributors to the error budget. In the science mode operations, the twin satellites are kept precisely pointed with their KBR antennas towards each other. It is the task of the onboard attitude and orbit control system (AOCS) to keep the satellites in the required formation. We analyzed long time series of the inter-satellite pointing variations as they reflect the AOCS performance and characteristics. We present significant systematic effects in the inter-satellite pointing and discuss their possible sources. Prominent features are especially related to the magnetic torquer characteristics, star cameras’ performance and KBR antenna calibration parameters. The relation between the magnetic torquer attitude control and the Earth magnetic field, impact of the different performance of the two star camera heads on the attitude control and the features due to uncertainties in the calibration parameters relating the star camera frame to K-frame are discussed in detail. Proper understanding of these effects will help to reduce their impact on the science data and subsequently increase the accuracy of the gravity field solutions. Moreover, understanding the complexity of the onboard system is essential not only for increasing the accuracy of the GRACE data but also for the development of the future gravity field satellite missions.     

A novel system parameters design and performance analysis method for Distributed Satellite-borne SAR system

As a promising new technology emerged in recent years, the Distributed Satellite-borne SAR (DSS) system with Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) imaging capability has been recognized by the remote sensing community as an integrated part of the spaceborne earth observation system. However, most researches on DSS were focused on individual aspects of system design/analysis and data processing, while few studies have been dedicated to establishing a standard methodological framework for universal DSS system design. Aiming at this problem, the topics of DSS system error analysis and design method are investigated in this paper. Firstly, a rigorous error propagation model of height measurement is theoretically derived from the DSS InSAR imaging geometry, and the impact of each error sources in this model on the height measurement accuracy is analyzed individually. In particular, the baseline length and its measurement error in the InSAR imaging plane are identified as the dominant factors. Second, a new method for DSS system design is proposed based on our analyses with the error propagation model. This method consists of two important phases, namely collaboration design and monostatic design. The major objective of collaboration design is to determine the configuration and parameters for the coordination between satellites in the DSS system. Afterwards, the key parameters for single satellite and the payload are determined by the monostatic design. Thirdly, a system performance analysis method is developed to comprehensively evaluate the performance of the pre-designed DSS system. In the next section, a typical example of DSS system design is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system design and analysis methods. The target DSS system has the same goal and hardware configuration as the TanDEM-X mission. Finally, the conclusion is drawn with our major findings are presented.     

采用程序集技术的卫星数据解析软件设计

卫星实时定位和事后数据精度分析中,不同厂家的卫星接收机经常一起使用,同一种类数据帧格式彼此不同,甚至同一厂家、不同型号的卫星接收机数据格式也经常变化,这给数据解析带来很大不便。本文在卫星接收机数据解析软件中采用面向对象的设计方法,利用UML（统一建模语言）进行建模,针对数据格式经常变化的情况采用数据库预定义技术,最后通过.Net程序集技术实现了不改变软件代码即可适应新的卫星接收机数据格式的目标。实际应用证明,该软件具有结构直观、处理数据种类多、可扩展性强等特点,在卫星数据解析的通用性方面做了有益的尝试。