R3D-B2 – Measurement of ionizing and solar radiation in open space in the BIOPAN 5 facility outside the FOTON M2 satellite

Solar and space radiation have been monitored using the R3D-B2 radiation risks radiometer-dosimeter on board a recent space flight on the Russian satellite Foton M2 within the ESA Biopan 5 facility mounted on the outside of the satellite exposed to space conditions. The solar radiation has been assayed in four wavelength bands (UV-C, 170–280 nm, UV-B, 280–315 nm), UV-A (315–400 nm) and PAR (photosynthetic active radiation, 400–700 nm). The data show an increasing tumbling rotation of the satellite during the mission. The photodiodes do not show a cosine response to the incident light which has been corrected. After calibration of the signals using the extraterrestrial spectrum, doses have been calculated for each orbit, for each day and for the total mission as basic data for the biological material which has been exposed in parallel in the Biopan facility. Cosmic ionizing radiation has been monitored and separated in 256 deposited energy spectra, which were further used for determination of the absorbed dose rate and flux. Basic data tables were prepared to be used by other Biopan 5 experiments. The paper summarizes the results for the Earth radiation environment at the altitude (262–304 km) of the Foton M2 spacecraft. Comparisons with the predictions of NASA Earth radiation environment experimental models AE-8 and AP-8, and the PSB97 model are also presented, which calculate the fluxes of ionizing radiation from a simulation. AP-8 is a model for trapped radiation.     

Multipath Separation-Direction of Arrival (MS-DOA) with Genetic Search Algorithm for HF channels

Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) defines the estimation of arrival angles of an electromagnetic wave impinging on a set of sensors. For dispersive and time-varying HF channels, where the propagating wave also suffers from the multipath phenomena, estimation of DOA is a very challenging problem. Multipath Separation-Direction of Arrival (MS-DOA), that is developed to estimate both the arrival angles in elevation and azimuth and the incoming signals at the output of the reference antenna with very high accuracy, proves itself as a strong alternative in DOA estimation for HF channels. In MS-DOA, a linear system of equations is formed using the coefficients of the basis vector for the array output vector, the incoming signal vector and the array manifold. The angles of arrival in elevation and azimuth are obtained as the maximizers of the sum of the magnitude squares of the projection of the signal coefficients on the column space of the array manifold. In this study, alternative Genetic Search Algorithms (GA) for the maximizers of the projection sum are investigated using simulated and experimental ionospheric channel data. It is observed that GA combined with MS-DOA is a powerful alternative in online DOA estimation and can be further developed according to the channel characteristics of a specific HF link.     

LDPC码在卫星导航系统中的应用

作为一种接近香农极限的信道编码,近年来LDPC码被广泛采用,例如欧洲第二代数字视频广播卫星标准DVB-S2和空间数据咨询委员会(CCSDS)遥测信道编码标准就分别采用了LDPC码。文章将讨论LDPC码在卫星导航系统中的应用,内容涵盖星上编码与接收机解码。GPS联合项目办公室在接口规范(Draft IS-GPS-800,Navstar GPS Space Segment/User Segment L1C Interfaces,19 April 2006)中展现了L1电文结构中的LDPC码。子帧2和子帧3将分别用一个独立的24bit循环冗余检验(CRC)算法。加入CRC比特之后每一子帧将进一步被长度为1200/548码率为1/2的LDPC码编码。文章将给出同等长度同等码率的不同类型的LDPC码。它们表现出了优异的译码性能、简单的编码结构和较低的译码复杂度。另外一个优点是其校验矩阵无需用一系列的冗余表格来表示。这种LDPC码的构造方法可以被扩展到其它卫星导航系统,比如欧洲的伽俐略(Galileo)系统和中国的北斗(Compass)系统。     

星间网络拓扑的二分图及其关联矩阵表示法

星间网络拓扑是建立星间链路首要考虑的问题,以往文献中描述星间网络拓扑一般都用直观图形的表示方法,即以卫星作为节点、链路作为边画出的图形。但是这种直观图形表示法,当卫星数量增加时,图形庞大而杂乱难以辨认,同时无法满足分析问题的需要。为此,文章提出了一种利用图论中的二分图及其对应的关联矩阵描述星间网络拓扑的方法,此方法具有图形描述简单明了、关联矩阵描述便于仿真分析的特点。     

两步法快速解算编队卫星GPS模糊度

为克服卫星编队飞行实时相对定位中双频模糊度解算速度慢的缺点,结合扩展Kalman滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter),首先采用少数个历元(如10个)相位平滑伪距相对定位结果与 L₆的平均值对滤波初始化,再根据两步法解算双频模糊度,即先解算并正确固定宽巷模糊度,获得较准确的基线分量估值,然后采用选权拟合方法,将基线分量作为约束条件解算并固定双频模糊度.仿真算例计算结果表明,当宽巷模糊度正确固定后,编队卫星间相对定位误差在5cm以内,两步法可以在较短时间(约3min)内固定双频模糊度,为精确解算编队卫星的相对状态提供保障.     

卫星导航系统传感器故障识别

传感器是卫星导航系统中的重要部件,其故障的检测和识别对提高系统可靠性具有重要意义。给出了一种基于模糊逻辑的卫星导航系统传感器故障识别方法。首先采用T-S模糊模型描述卫星导航系统,然后应用全解耦奇偶方程的方法进行故障检测,并利用卡尔曼滤波器进行故障参数识别。仿真结果表明,针对导航系统中多个传感器同时发生故障的情况,此方法能有效检测故障,并能准确识别故障参数。     

Earth remote sensing as an effective tool for the development of advanced innovative educational technologies

Current educational system is facing a contradiction between the fundamentality of engineering education and the necessity of applied learning extension, which requires new methods of training to combine both academic and practical knowledge in balance. As a result there are a number of innovations being developed and implemented into the process of education aimed at optimizing the quality of the entire educational system. Among a wide range of innovative educational technologies there is an especially important subset of educational technologies which involve learning through hands-on scientific and technical projects. The purpose of this paper is to describe the implementation of educational technologies based on small satellites development as well as the usage of Earth remote sensing data acquired from these satellites. The increase in public attention to the education through Earth remote sensing is based on the concern that although there is a great progress in the development of new methods of Earth imagery and remote sensing data acquisition there is still a big question remaining open on practical applications of this kind of data. It is important to develop the new way of thinking for the new generation of people so they understand that they are the masters of their own planet and they are responsible for its state. They should desire and should be able to use a powerful set of tools based on modern and perspective Earth remote sensing. For example NASA sponsors “Classroom of the Future” project. The Universities Space Research Association in United States provides a mechanism through which US universities can cooperate effectively with one another, with the government, and with other organizations to further space science and technology, and to promote education in these areas. It also aims at understanding the Earth as a system and promoting the role of humankind in the destiny of their own planet. The Association has founded a Journal of Earth System Science Education. Authors describe an effective model of educational technology developed in the Center for Earth Remote Sensing of Bauman Moscow State Technical University and based on scientific and educational organizations integration in the field of applied studies. The paper also presents how students are being trained to acquire and process satellite imagery data from Terra and Aqua satellites. It also reveals the results of space monitoring for Russia's ecologically complex regions conducted by Bauman Moscow State Technical University students in cooperation with specialists from the Laboratory for Aerospace Methods of Moscow State University named after M. Lomonosov.     

基于RBF网络辨识的挠性卫星姿态自适应控制

为满足挠性卫星姿态控制的更高要求,提出了一种基于径向基函数（RBF）网络辨识的模糊自适应控制方法。根据卫星姿态动力学方程,将RBF辨识网络引入模糊神经网络的T-S模型,以辨识卫星,在线修改模糊神经控制器（FNC）参数,使卫星的姿态角度达到设定值。仿真结果表明：该法能有效克服卫星的不确定性,提高卫星姿态的控制精度。     

基于H∞控制的某空空导弹俯偏回路设计

针对某导弹飞行空域广、参数摄动大、鲁棒性强等控制特点,采用H∞控制的混合灵敏度和线性二次调节（LQR）设计了自动驾驶仪俯偏回路。其中,内回路采用LQR限定模型的不确定性界,外回路用H∞控制混合灵敏度设计控制器。仿真结果表明：所设计的自动驾驶仪可较好地抑制参数摄动,鲁棒性较佳。     

某卫星挠性附件姿态动力学研究

根据导出的某有大型太阳帆板的挠性卫星数学模型,分析了模型中挠性振动对质心和姿态运动的影响,给出了卫星系统的动力学方程,并对帆板展开、卫星稳态运行的模型作工程化处理。分析和仿真结果表明：该方法能降低模型的复杂度,满足大型卫星的姿态指向精度和稳定度要求。