美国小行星俘获任务及其启示

小行星俘获(ACR)任务是美国Keck空间研究中心发起的一项深空探测任务。该任务计划选定一颗近地小行星,通过口袋式抓捕系统对其实施抓捕,并于2025年左右将其带回近月空间。文章介绍了ACR任务的内容和系统设计,具体包括:航天器总体构型、抓捕分系统、探测识别分系统和控制与推进分系统;对小行星抓捕的目标探测与识别、旋转匹配、抓捕、消旋、轨道转移等核心操作。基于ACR任务,提出了空间目标俘获技术的需求与应用、抓捕航天器系统设计的启示;基于我国目前的技术研究情况,总结分析了发展空间目标俘获任务所需的关键技术,如大功率柔性太阳翼、长时间大范围轨道机动、目标探测与识别、快速机动、目标抓捕与消旋。     

基于FPGA的实时视频图像采集与存储系统(英文)

针对传统视频采集存储系统存在的问题,设计了一种以FPGA为核心的实时视频图像采集与存储系统。采用模块化设计方法,通过Verilog编程实现了视频解码A/D配置,视频图像采集逻辑控制和图像存储逻辑控制等功能模块;采用IDE接口硬盘作为存储介质,FAT32文件系统作为图像存储形式来记录实时图像。实验结果表明,系统具有实时性强、集成度高、存储能力强及易于扩展等优点。     

空间机器人深度学习识别捕获部位的应用探讨

针对空间机器人对捕获部位识别方法的普适性、实时性和准确性等要求,提出了采用深度学习方法对空间机器人捕获目标的特征部位进行识别。通过比较分析方法、数据驱动方法等传统识别方法和深度学习方法的优缺点,发现深度学习方法对于解决空间机器人捕获部位识别问题具有显著优势。进一步分析了应用深度学习方法解决捕获部位识别问题的几个关键技术问题,为后续空间机器人在轨捕获目标的研究与实践提供了新的思路。     

三维空间双机格斗的捕捉区和危险区

 本文应用微分对策理论对三维空间双机格斗问题进行研究,给出了以目标机进入方向、界栅和等时线组成的捕捉区与危险区的确定方法,画出二架飞机的捕捉区和危险区,并讨论了这些区域的性质,得出与实际空战相符的结论。     

基于模拟器的辅助导航测试方法研究

随着卫星导航产业的迅猛发展,辅助导航技术得到越来越广泛的应用,利用该技术可提高导航终端对卫星导航信号的捕获概率,缩短首次定位时间,提高灵敏度,提升用户体验。基于导航信号模拟器,利用基准站接收机传送辅助数据（星历信息及时间信息）的方式,构建辅助导航测试系统,提出了一种新的辅助导航测试方法,对导航芯片利用辅助信息实现快速捕获和定位性能进行了充分验证,方法可行,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

某型机燃烧室外套爆破故障剖析和安全使用寿命评估

针对某型机燃烧室外套发生的空中爆破故障 ,进行应力分析、断裂机理分析、爆破时剩余材样的板厚分析计算及不同焊接试片疲劳对比试验等 ,确定了故障发生的原因为原设计的纵向搭接焊缝不合理 ,不适于在交变载荷作用下使用。参照英军标Defstan 0 0 -971上轮盘的寿命评估方法 ,按疲劳寿命对数正态分布规律和搭接焊试片疲劳试验结果选定了外套的寿命散度系数 ,并把使用多年的外套都看成试验件 ,评估出了现役外套的安全使用寿命和失效概率     

Evaluation of a Geiger-mode imaging flash lidar in the approach phase for autonomous safe landing on the Moon

The imaging flash lidar has been considered as a promising sensor for the future space missions such as autonomous safe landing, spacecraft rendezvous and docking due to its ability to provide a full 3D scene with a single or multiple laser pulses. The linear-mode flash lidar has been developed and demonstrated for an autonomous safe landing on the Moon in order to provide an accurate distance measurement to the landing site and its 3D image. Yet, the Geiger-mode flash lidar has also been recognized as an emerging technology for the space missions because it is highly sensitive even to a single photon and provides the very accurate timing of photon arrival. In this study, the performance of the Geiger-mode flash lidar is simulated in the approach phase and evaluated for the autonomous landing on the Moon. Furthermore, a new statistical signal processing algorithm is proposed to remove the noise counts in order to obtain the 3D image from a sequence of laser pulses in the situation of the fast moving spacecraft. The algorithm is shown to be effective for the autonomous landing due to its ability to remove noise events under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio and improve ranging accuracy.     

六氟化硫和三氟溴甲烷对电离层电子捕获能力对比

六氟化硫（SF₆）和三氟溴甲烷（CF₃Br）是目前发现的在电离层释放作用效果较好的两种物质.利用气相色谱elax-elax电子捕获检测器（GC-ECD）对SF₆和CF₃Br的电子捕获能力进行实验研究,并采用密度泛函理论（DFT）对两种物质进行理论计算,最后对实验结果和理论计算结果进行对比分析.GC-ECD实验结果表明,SF₆和CF₃Br在ECD检测器上均有较好的响应,且CF₃Br在ECD检测器上的响应强于SF₆.DFT理论计算结果表明,SF₆和CF₃Br都具有捕获电子的潜力.综合实验结果与理论计算结果可知,SF₆和CF₃Br都具有捕获电子的潜力,且均有较好的电子捕获效果,相对于SF₆,CF₃Br电子捕获效果更好.     

一种多热力循环组合发动机进气道设计方案

针对马赫数0~6的预冷涡轮+冲压组合多热力循环发动机的宽范围工作要求,提出了一种在马赫数2~6范围内流量系数为1.0的宽范围轴对称进气道变几何调节方案,通过中心锥与分流板的协同平移运动,可在满足涡轮与冲压两通道流量分配要求的同时,实现两通道压缩量的匹配调节。对起始半锥角分别为20°和13°的两种变几何进气道方案开展了设计与对比研究。结果表明：起始半锥角对最终方案设计影响最大,起始半锥角为13°的进气道方案较起始半锥角为20°的方案,冲压通道和涡轮通道在来流马赫数为6时临界总压恢复分别提高了16%和14%,最大迎风面积减小了12.4%,但中心锥和分流板平移调节距离分别增加84%和91%。     

Recent development of casing treatments for aero-engine compressors

Casing treatment is a mature stabilization technique which has been widely applied on aero-engines for modern aircrafts and turbo-chargers for automobiles. After the investigations of half century since the 1960s, this technique has been well developed for various configurations with different effectiveness. From the perspective of stabilization mechanism, this paper roughly categorizes the configurations of casing treatment into two types: traditional ones which work by affecting the flow structure of blade tip region; a novel one named as Stall Precursor-Suppressed (SPS) casing treatment. The effectiveness of both types will be demonstrated for their applications on axial compressors and centrifugal compressors with uniform or distorted inlet. And the stabilization mechanism of casing treatments for regular types and SPS one will also be explained respectively. In addition, this review will summarize the methodologies of casing treatments with the numerical simulations for regular grooved configurations and the eigenvalue approach for SPS casing treatment. Looking forward to the future of compressor stabilization, casing treatment technique will still exist as a general and inexpensive option, and the exploration for its effectiveness and mechanism will be deeper with the development of computational fluid dynamics and advanced measurement techniques.