地标自主导航的高精度地标库建立方法

利用地标信息的卫星自主导航方法是通过星载光学摄像机实时拍摄地标景象来计算卫星的位置、速度等参数,具有完全自主的特点,并且适用范围广泛,可用于能够周期性获得地面图像的航天器,但受到地标选取方法以及地标库建立策略的制约,影响到导航精度,阻碍了推广使用。针对上述问题,提出了建立全局及高性能的地标库,即采用全球地标控制点选取的原则选取性能优良的全球地标样本,并自动生成全局地标库。通过计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性,结果表明,使用全球地标控制点选取地标样本,并自动生成全局地标库,可以快速而准确地为航天器进行高精度的自主导航,导航位置误差约为99 m,速度误差约为0.08 m/s。      

平流层爆发性增温期间大气变化特性的COSMIC掩星观测

利用高精度和高垂直分辨率的COSMIC掩星观测资料, 详细深入分析了2007年冬---2008年春平流层爆发性增温(SSW)期间10~60 km高度范围内大气的变化特性, 尤其是上平流层和低中间层大气的变化特性. 结果表明, 在SSW过程中, 温度场、风场和剩余环流都发生了明显的变化. 根据温度在主增温前和主增温盛期的变化特性, 在水平方向, 大约以55oN为界, 在垂直方向, 大约以42 km为界, 可以将温度场在纬度-高度的分布分为4个区域: 高纬下层增温区, 增温幅度约高达25 K; 高纬上层降温区, 降温幅度约达30\,K; 中纬下层降温区, 降温幅度约为几K; 中纬上层增温区, 增温也约为几K. SSW期间上下层大气纬向风场的变化规律基本相同. 在纬度方向以45oN为界, 45oN以北地区的西风减弱东风增强, 风场变化高达50 m/s; 45oN以南地区西风增强东风减弱, 变化幅度比较小, 约10 m/s. 在2008年1月下旬到2月底, 大气温度和纬向风有明显的振荡现象, 周期约为12天. 剩余环流的环流圈在SSW期间会发生反转, 由此也表明, SSW期间大气中物质的输运方向也会发生改变.      

虚拟扩展成像在大视场姿态角测量中的应用

对基于光电准直和针孔成像原理的姿态角测量系统,提出一种虚拟扩展成像面技术,对图像传感器成像面进行复用,虚拟扩大系统的测量视场.基于反射不对称的针孔光阑设计,实现一种光斑模式识别方法,对光斑质心和正反射模式进行识别,并进行虚拟成像面坐标扩展.通过计算机仿真,对识别结果进行了分析验证,表明这种方法对各种光斑模式都能准确识别,成倍扩大了测量视场.      

基于条件随机场的遥感图像语义标注

遥感图像包含的信息丰富,纹理复杂,而遥感图像语义标注又为后续的目标识别、检测、场景分析及高层语义的提取提供了重要信息和线索,这使其成为遥感图像理解领域中一个关键且极具挑战性的任务。首先针对遥感图像语义标注问题,提出采用条件随机场(CRF)框架对遥感图像的底层特征和上下文信息建模的方法,将Texton纹理特征与CRF中的自相关势能结合来捕捉遥感图像中的纹理信息及其上下文分布,采用组合Boosting算法进行Texton纹理特征选择和参数学习;然后将Lab空间中的颜色信息与CRF中的互相关势能结合来描述颜色上下文;最后用Graph Cut算法对CRF进行推导求解,得到图像自动语义标注结果。同时,建立了可见光遥感图像数据库Google-4,并对全部图像进行了人工标注。Google-4上的实验结果表明:采用CRF框架与Texton纹理特征和颜色特征相结合对遥感图像建模的方法与基于支持向量机(SVM)的方法相比较,能够取得更准确的语义标注结果。     

遥感器真空成像三维光学检测装置的设计与应用

在以往的遥感器真空成像试验中, 光学检测装置每次装配完毕只能完成单一状态下的光学测试, 且建立成像试验所需工况的周期较长。文章设计研制了一种三维光学检测装置, 使用该装置可实现中小口径相机在空间环境模拟装置内的光电综合性能检测。试验人员可在空间环境模拟容器外对该装置进行平移、旋转和俯仰的精确调整, 完成对单台或多台相机全视场的精确测试。试验验证了该装置方案设计的可行性。     

基于不相干平面波叠加以模拟混响声场的航天器低频声固耦合分析

文章针对航天器在混响声场中的随机振动问题,提出一种通过多个不相干的平面波线性叠加以模拟混响声场的实现方法,给出了每个平面波的具体参数并从理论上证明其满足理想混响声场假设。在此基础上利用有限元-边界元耦合方法对整星低频声固耦合问题进行分析,并用混响室噪声试验响应数据进行了验证。研究结果表明:该方法理论推导正确,为航天器低频声固耦合分析及声振力学环境预示提供了一种新的有效手段。     

分离式垂直方向充退磁线圈数值仿真研究

针对航天器充退磁试验对简便快捷的垂直方向充退磁设备的需求,文章提出一种分离式垂直方向充退磁线圈结构,避免了安装过程中复杂的接插工序,可有效缩短试验时间。通过理论计算说明了分离式充退磁线圈结构与现有设备的等效性,利用磁仿真平台建立了线圈结构模型,并对其充退磁特性以及由于结构改变带来的磁场均匀性误差进行了仿真分析,充分验证了理论计算的正确性。     

Three-dimensional temperature prediction in cylindrical turning with large-chamfer insert based on a modified slip-line field approach

Chamfered inserts have found broader applications in metal cutting process especially in high-performance machining of hard-to-cut materials for their excellent edge resistance and cutting toughness. However, excessive heat generation and resulting high cutting temperature eventually cause severe tool wear and poor surface integrity, which simultaneously limits the optimal selection of machining parameters. In the present study, an analytical thermal–mechanical model is proposed for the prediction of the three-dimensional (3-D) temperature field in cylindrical turning with chamfered round insert based on a modified slip-line field approach. First, an innovative discretization method is introduced in a general 3-D coordinate system to provide a comprehensive demonstration of the irregular cutting geometry and heat generation zones. Then, a plasticity-theory-based slip-line field model is developed and employed to determine the intensities and geometries of every elementary heat sources in Primary Deformation Zones (PDZ), Secondary Deformation Zones (SDZ) and Dead Metal Zones (DMZ). At last, a 3-D analytical model is suggested to calculate the temperature increases caused by the entire heat sources and associated images. The maximum cutting temperature region predicted is found existing upon the chip-tool contact area rather than the tool edge. Moreover, the rationalities of cutting parameters employed are analyzed along with theoretical material removal rates and ensuing maximum cutting temperatures. The results indicate that the cutting conditions with large depth of cut and high cutting speed are more desirable than those with high feed rates. The proposed models are respectively verified through a series of 3-D Finite Element (FE) simulations and dry cutting experiments of Inconel 718 with chamfered round insert. Satisfactory agreement has been reached between the predictions and simulations as well as the measurements, which confirms the correctness and effectiveness of the presented analytical model.     

Effects of various dissipation range onset models on the 26-day variations of low-energy galactic cosmic-ray electrons

The effect of various models presented by Leamon et al. (2000) for the dissipation range cutoff wavenumber on the 26-day variations of galactic cosmic-ray electrons in a Fisk-Parker hybrid field is investigated, by means of a three-dimensional steady-state numerical modulation code. Analytical expressions for the mean free paths parallel and perpendicular to the heliospheric magnetic field are adapted from the works of 31 and 28, respectively. Note that only solar minimum conditions are considered, and that only qualitative agreement with data is sought. Effective diffusion for galactic electrons pertaining to 26-day variations is found to be dominated by the ratio of the perpendicular to parallel mean free paths at low energies, and the relationship between changes in cosmic-ray intensities and the modulation parameter postulated by Zhang (1997) is found to no longer hold when this ratio drops below a critical value. Use of ion inertial scale dependent models for the dissipation range cutoff leads to possible second linearities in the relative amplitudes as functions of latitude gradient.