多层CT用数据采集系统的设计与测试

提出了一种多通道、高密度、高精度数据采集系统的设计方案.采用基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA, Field Programmable Gate Arrays)内嵌软核的体系结构,实现了多通道数据的缓冲、格式转换、乒乓读写等流水操作,解决了多层CT(Computed Tomography)有限扫描时间内数据量大、时序要求严格和数据传输精确性要求高的问题;同时利用高精度电压源和精密电阻模拟了前端输入,设计了基于PXI(PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation)总线的虚拟仪器,精确测试了设计系统的性能且未额外引入噪声.方案已成功应用于多层CT中,同时也为数据采集提供一种借鉴.      

Effective non-vertical and apparent cutoff rigidities for a cosmic ray latitude survey from Antarctica to Italy in minimum of solar activity

In this paper we will report the results of the computation of cutoff rigidities of vertical and non-vertical incident cosmic ray particles. Non-vertical effective cutoff rigidities have been computed by tracing particle trajectories through the “real” geomagnetic magnetic field comprising the International Geomagnetic Reference Field model (IGRF95, IAGA Division 5 Working Group 8, 1996: Sabaka, T.J., Langel, R.A., Baldwin, R.T., Conrad, J.A. The geomagnetic field, 1900–1995, including the large scale fields from magnetospheric sources and NASA candidate models for the 1995 IGRF revision. J. Geomag. Geoelect. 49, 157–206, 1997.) and the Tsyganenko [Tsyganenko, N.A. A magnetospheric magnetic field model with a warped tail current sheet. Planet. Space Sci. 37, 5–20, 1989.] magnetosphere model. The computation have been done for the backward route (from Antarctica to Italy) of the Italian Antarctic ship survey 1996–1997, for geographic points corresponding to the daily average coordinates of the ship; for zenith angles 15°, 30°, 45° and 60°, and azimuth angles from 0° to 360° in steps of 45°. By means of the obtained non-vertical cutoffs the apparent cutoff rigidities have been calculated. The information on integral multiplicities of secondary neutrons detected by the neutron monitor in dependence of the zenith angle of incoming primary cosmic ray particles have also been used. This information is based on the theoretical calculations of meson-nuclear cascades of primary protons with different rigidities arriving to the Earth’s atmosphere at the zenith angles of 0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60° and 75°. The difference between the computed apparent and vertical cutoff rigidities reaches ∼1 GV at rigidities >7–8 GV. At rigidities of 10–16 GV, the difference between the apparent and vertical cutoff rigidities is larger than that obtained earlier by Clem et al. [Clem, J.M., Bieber, J.W., Duldig, M., Evenson, P., Hall, D., Humble, J.E. Contribution of obliquely incident particles to neutron monitor counting rate. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 26919–26926, 1997.] and Dorman et al. [Dorman, L.I., Villoresi, G., Iucci, N., Parisi, M., Tyasto, M.I., Danilova, O.A., Ptitsyna, N.G. Cosmic ray survey to Antarctica and coupling functions for neutron component near solar minimum (1996–1997), 3. Geomagnetic effects and coupling functions. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 21047–21056, 2000.].     

基于DSP和FPGA技术的细胞图像采集系统设计

细胞学研究领域中需要对大量细胞的生长情况进行长期的在线跟踪、记录和分析,针对细胞图像采集和处理中的数据量大、采样频率高、运算复杂等问题,设计了一种新颖的细胞图像采集系统,讨论了DSP(Digital Signal Processor)处理系统和FPGA(Field Programmable Gate Arrays)逻辑控制系统设计中的关键技术问题,以及JPEG图像压缩算法的实现问题.系统主要由视频解码芯片、FPGA以及DSP等组成,具有功能集成、结构简单、编程灵活的特点,能够实现对大量细胞进行长期观测记录的图像采集,以及后期图像数据处理的功能.      

纵列式直升机双旋翼流场特性的自由尾迹分析

将旋翼尾迹模型与旋翼配平模型进行耦合求解,建立了一个分析纵列式双旋翼流场的迭代计算方法.为充分模拟双旋翼的干扰影响及桨尖三维效应,使用了畸变的自由尾迹模型,桨叶模型则采用升力面/涡格方法.应用该耦合方法,计算分析了纵列式直升机双旋翼在干扰状态下的尾迹结构及旋翼重叠区域的流场特性,并与单旋翼做了比较.计算表明,悬停时,纵列式双旋翼重叠区下方的下洗速度大于单副旋翼的诱导速度,但小于两副旋翼诱导速度的简单迭加;前飞时,随飞行速度的增大,尾迹重叠区域减小,两副旋翼相互间的干扰也逐渐减弱.     

某型民机着陆构型粘性气动力计算

采用ICEM对某型民机着陆构型进行多块结构化点对点网格剖分,运用基于N-S方程的WISE MAN PLUS软件对该构型低速粘性复杂流场进行数值模拟.在进场条件下,计算的升力和试验值误差在3.8%以内,俯仰力矩和试验误差在3.6%以内;计算与试验失速迎角差别在1°左右,最大升力系数较试验小6.3%.同时还给出了一些流场显示结果,对复杂流场进行了机理分析.计算与风洞试验结果符合较好,满足工程需要.     

二维非结构网格的可压缩Euler方程流场解

讨论了非结构网格的生成方法,用Delaunay三角化方法和推进阵面法相结合的方法生成了非结构网格,提高了生成非结构网格的自动化程度和网格的质量.用有限体积法在非结构网格中求解了二维可压缩Euler方程,给出了单段翼形和两段翼型的算例,并与实验结果进行了比较和分析.     

Element and Isotopic Fractionation in Closed Magnetic Structures

Recent papers have suggested that the slow solar wind is a super-position of material which is released by reconnection from large coronal loops. This reconnection process is driven by large-scale motions of solar magnetic flux driven by the non-radial expansion of the solar wind from the differentially rotating photosphere into more rigidly rotating coronal holes. The elemental composition of the slow solar wind material is observed to be fractionated and more variable than the fast solar wind from coronal holes. Recently, it has also been reported that fractionation also occurs in 3He/4He. This may be interpreted in the frame-work of an existing model for fractionation on large coronal loops in which wave-particle interactions preferentially heat ions thereby modifying their scale-heights. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

线阵CCD交汇测量系统结构布局的优化设计

介绍了由两个线阵ＣＣＤ所组成的交汇测量系统的基本原理,分析了有效视场、坐标测量误差和系统结构参数之间的关系。由仿真研究表明,当给定有效视场的大小及各结构参数的测量误差值时,可寻求系统最优结构布局,使坐标测量误差最小。     

指式封严结构中气流流动与传热特性分析

研究了指式封严结构中气流流动与传热特性。将封严组片区域视为多孔介质,以摩擦热为热源,建立计算模型。计算结果表明：封严区域最高温度出现在指尖靴后部与转子摩擦接触面;在压差和转速一定时,封严区域最高温度随安装过盈量的增大而升高;在过盈量和压差一定时,最高温度随转子转速的增大而升高;但随着压差的增大,结果与之相反。研究结果可为指式封严的结构设计和接触副材料选择和安装方式提供参考。     

航天测绘发展现状与展望

航天测绘是全球基础测绘的主要手段,包括卫星地形测量、卫星重力测量、卫星磁力测量、卫星测高、卫星海洋测量等。航天测绘工程的发展经历了“返回型测绘卫星”工程、“传输型测绘卫星”工程和部分“集成型测绘卫星”工程。首先梳理了国际卫星测量的发展历史和现状,阐述了我国航天测绘各个阶段所发挥的作用,并分析了存在的问题,最后对航天测绘的未来发展提出了思路。