A Mathematical Model for Helicopter Comprehensive Analysis

This article presents a new mathematical model for helicopter comprehensive analysis with the features of flexibility and mathematical simplicity. The model synthesizes the rigid fuselage motion model with 6 degrees of freedom, coupled flap-lag-torsion elastic rotor blade motion model, unsteady aerodynamics model with dynamic stall and high order generalized dynamic wake model. A new blade structural operator with implicit form is formulated, and the components of the blade structure model are independent of each other so that it is convenient to change or handle any component of blade structure without changing the others. What is more, the entire model is developed in a strict state-space form to simplify the comprehensive analysis. Finally, the UH-60 helicopter is taken as an example to predict the blade natural characteristics, the trim characteristics including controls and fuselage attitudes as well as the airloads at blade section under the flight conditions of high speed with moderate thrust and high thrust with moderate speed. The results are compared with UH-60 flight test data and those predicted by two well-known comprehensive codes. The validity of the model presented in this article is verified.     

中心进气复杂旋转盘压力特性的实验研究

中心进气具有两个出口的旋转盘系统中静盘表面沿半径方向的静压分布由实验方法获得.针对转速、冷却气体流量以及叶片冷却孔的存在与否对腔内流动特性的影响进行了分析.结果表明:在本实验范围内,静盘表面静压沿半径方向先减小,后增大.静盘表面静压随着总流量的增加而增加,随转速增加而降低.当减少盘面出流孔的数量时,静盘表面静压将会增加.当冷却气体流量较大时,盘腔内不能形成明显的旋转核心.     

直升机旋翼空气动力学的发展

本文分两大部分，即旋翼理论分析的发展（认识旋翼）及旋翼浆叶外形的发展（改造旋翼）。在第一部分中，阐述了旋翼滑流理论、叶素理论、涡流理论（其中又包括固定尾迹的经典涡流理论、预定尾迹的半经验涡流理论、自由尾迹的现代涡流理论）和旋翼CDD方法。在第二部分中，讨论了旋翼桨叶的翼型、浆尖形状、扭转角分布等的变化历程。最后，作为总结，提出了旋翼理论分析和浆叶气动外形的四代发展阶段的划分。     

直升机涵道尾桨与孤立尾桨的气动特性对比研究

本文推导了涵道尾桨的叶素理论公式，将文献［１］的滑流理论与叶素理论公式组合，建立了计算直升机悬停和侧风状态下涵道尾桨气动特性的方法。     

30°预旋进气旋转盘流动与换热特性的实验

用实验的方法对具有30°预旋进气的旋转盘附近冷气流动与换热特性进行了研究,得到了静 盘表面压力、转盘表面温度、局部努赛尔特数的分布及平均努赛尔特数的变化.结果显示静 止盘罩表面的压力随着半径的增加而增加,随转速的增加而增加.转盘表面的局部努赛尔特 数在r＜0.7R的区域基本不变, r＞0.7R的区域里, 局部努赛尔特数随r的增加而增大.该预旋 角情况下,进气雷诺数对盘面平均努赛尔特数的影响大于旋转雷诺数.     

四端口通流波转子的波系分析

针对用于燃气轮机的四端口通流波转子,首先将通道内部复杂的压力波系简化,建立解析的数学模型,并依据国外的实验结果验证其正确性,最终用该解析模型分析波转子的边界条件、波系结构、性能以及压气机、涡轮、燃烧室的相关参数之间的关系.结果表明:提高波转子的高压空气出口反压可以有效提高波转子压比,这是波转子内部波系整体性增强的结果;合理地设计压气机与涡轮可以优化波转子的性能;波转子与燃烧室的匹配会制约燃烧室的设计,而提高燃烧室的总压恢复系数则有利于波转子压缩效率的提高.      

共轴双旋翼悬停地面效应气动特性分析

基于时间步进算法建立了适用于共轴双旋翼气动特性分析的旋翼自由尾迹模型,并采用面元法对水平和倾斜地面效应影响下共轴双旋翼系统气动特性进行了研究。在建模的过程中,采用Weissinger-L一阶升力面模型模拟了桨叶的三维效应,并充分考虑了旋翼/旋翼和旋翼/地面之间的气动干扰。通过与尾迹几何和诱导速度试验数据的对比,验证了计算模型的可行性。在此基础上,对共轴双旋翼在地面效应影响下的旋翼尾迹几何形状、流场诱导速度矢量分布和上下两旋翼桨叶的拉力系数分布进行了计算及分析。结果表明,悬停状态下,共轴双旋翼上下旋翼间存在强烈的气动干扰,且地面的影响使旋翼尾迹涡线径向扩展且向上卷起,对共轴双旋翼下旋翼拉力产生明显的影响。     

Hover performance of helicopter main and tail rotors with swirl velocities

It is important to quickly predict the hover performance of main and tail rotors with sufficient precision for helicopter design. To investigate the effects of swirl velocities on the hover performance of main and tail rotors, and give a better prediction for the hover performance, a flight performance model was derived and a swirl velocity model was coupled into it. The test data of the UH-60A helicopter were used for validation. When the blade loading coefficient of the main rotor was higher than 005, the effects of the swirl velocities on the main rotor power became significant. The swirl velocities increased the profile torque of the main rotor. The increased torque required the tail rotor to produce more thrust with more power consumption. At a higher blade loading coefficient of the main rotor of 012, the swirl velocities increased the main rotor power, tail rotor power and total power by 380%, 524% and 508%, respectively. The profile power increase of the main rotor caused by the profile swirl velocity was less than that of the induced swirl velocity, but the power increase was higher at high rotor blade loadings. Considering the swirl velocities in the main rotor can improve the prediction precision of the hover performance, especially at high blade loadings      

五相双转子永磁容错电机故障运行能力仿真分析

提出了一种新型五相双转子永磁容错电机, 它包括两个转子和一个定子, 其中内外转子永磁体均采用径向充磁且充磁方向相同,定子铁心内外开槽,可以安放两 套绕组,这两套绕组可以串联连接, 也可以并联连接。针对这两种连接方式, 对开路 （一相开路、两相邻相开路和两不相邻相开路）和短路故障进行仿真,有限元仿真结果 证明： 绕组并联连接优于串联连接。为了提高绕组串联连接时电机的故障运行能力, 采取了电流优化控制策略,仿真结果表明该方法在一定程度上可以改善电机的力矩性能。     

具有离散出气孔的旋转盘平均换热特性

实际发动机涡轮盘腔结构中的冷气进入叶片的冷却通道被简化为旋转盘上离散的通孔,冷气从静盘的中心流入,然后从这些通孔和转静盘间隙流出.针对这样的转静系统进行换热实验,得到了旋转盘表面的平均换热系数和转盘上通孔内平均换热系数.分析了转速、冷却气体流量对换热特性的影响,并给出了无量纲经验关系式.结果显示进气流量系数和旋转雷诺数的增加将导致盘面平均努塞尔数和通孔内表面的平均努塞尔数的增加.