离心力场下细微封闭通道内R12的热驱动换热研究

本文以试验的方法,研究了一种利用彻体力场下封闭通道内流体的热驱动循环流动来强化换热的新型冷却技术。主要讨论了封闭循环通道宽度d为1mm,氟利昂R12为工质的热驱动流动和换热特性,重点分析了随转速(即离心加速度)的变化,R12的热驱动流动和换热变化规律,以及热端壁面的温度分布及变化规律。研究结果表明:离心力场下流体热驱动流动和换热特点同重力场下基本相似;随着转速的提高,R12的热驱动强度不断增加,热端壁面温度逐步下降,同时热端壁面的温度梯度也逐渐降低;在转速为1140r/min时,总平均传热系数达到了1550W/m2·K。      

采用基于神经网络及遗传算法的叶轮机械叶片三维优化设计方法开发高载荷透平动叶片

为了提高透平的内效率及降低制造成本，采用基于神经网络及遗传算法的叶轮机械叶片三维优化设计方法，开发了一种高载荷动叶片。该叶片是以5个截面的重心沿径向积叠而成。每个截面的内背弧是以基于叶型中弧线的Bezier曲线来构造。三维流动分析表明，新叶片提高效率0．5％。通过减少叶片数约15％，新开发的高载荷动叶片不仅有效地提高了透平的内效率，同时降低了透平重量和制造成本。     

Type II Solar Radio Bursts: Theory and Space Weather Implications

Recent data and theory for type II solar radio bursts are reviewed, focusing on a recent analytic quantitative theory for interplanetary type II bursts. The theory addresses electron reflection and acceleration at the type II shock, formation of electron beams in the foreshock, and generation of Langmuir waves and the type II radiation there. The theory's predictions as functions of the shock and plasma parameters are summarized and discussed in terms of space weather events. The theory is consistent with available data, has explanations for radio-loud/quiet coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and why type IIs are bursty, and can account for empirical correlations between type IIs, CMEs, and interplanetary disturbances. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

扩压器-水泵内非稳定流动研究

水泵内部流动实质上是复杂的三维非稳定流动 ,它对水泵性能及结构振动有重要影响。本文介绍了一种求解这种复杂内流动的数值方法。三维雷诺数平均的纳维斯托克斯方程 ( 3-DReynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes,RANS)以及标准 k-ε的方程用于描述水泵内非定常紊流流场。系统特性方程与水泵的 CFD模型相结合以考虑流体在管道中的加速 ;采用任意滑移网格界面模拟叶轮和静止部件之间的相互干涉 ;将整个叶轮作为分析对象 ,以考虑失速情况下流动的周向非对称。这些技术的结合包括了水泵内非稳定流动的物理实质。一台实验数据比较齐全的离心式 -扩压器水泵被用于验证所提出的数值方法     

绕任意轴旋转的矩形截面弯管流动特性研究(续)

利用数值计算的方法研究了绕任意轴旋转的矩形截面弯管内的粘性流动情况，分析了在不同入口距离处离心力和科氏力共同作用下的二次流动、轴向主流的发展变化情况。计算结果表明：F=-4．0时，流动呈现出4一涡结构；F=-4．0的轴向速度矢量图在垂直面内与F=-4．0的轴向速度矢量图正好相反；在大曲率情况下管道内会出现三个轴向速度极值点。     

反向旋转盘间非稳态换热特性的实验研究

将反向旋转的高低压涡轮盘简化成了几何形状相对简单的反转盘系统。用实验的方法研究了非稳态情况下改变冷气流量和改变两盘转速对两盘温度和盘面平均努塞尔数的影响。结果表明:(1)进气雷诺数是最重要的影响因素,它对换热的影响是瞬时的,雷诺数升高两个盘面的努塞尔数同时增加;(2)在本实验范围内,转速对盘面换热的影响有限,而且它只影响转速变化的盘的表面换热而对对面的盘没有明显的影响。      

绕任意轴旋转的管道流动和换热特性研究

当管道绕任意轴旋转时，管道内的轴向速度分布发生改变，截面上产生二次流动，管道的对流换热特性将引起变化。本文对绕任意轴旋转的管道流动与换热进行了数值模拟，研究结果表明：绕任意轴旋转管道内的对流换热特性主要由Re（雷诺数），Ro(Rossby数），Pr（普朗特数）数，和α（旋转轴与管道轴线的夹角）四个参数决定。文中分析了在不同情况下流场结构与摩擦系数比以及温度场与管道Nu数比率随Re数和Ro数的变化规律，为工程实际应用提供了理论依据。     

Solar Sources of Heliospheric Energetic Electron Events—Shocks or Flares?

Electrons with near-relativistic (E≳30 keV, NrR) and relativistic (E≳0.3 MeV) energies are often observed as discrete events in the inner heliosphere following solar transient activity. Several acceleration mechanisms have been proposed for the production of those electrons. One candidate is acceleration at MHD shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) with speeds ≳1000 km s⁻¹. Many NrR electron events are temporally associated only with flares while others are associated with flares as well as with CMEs or with radio type II shock waves. Since CME onsets and associated flares are roughly simultaneous, distinguishing the sources of electron events is a serious challenge. On a phenomenological basis two classes of solar electron events were known several decades ago, but recent observations have presented a more complex picture. We review early and recent observational results to deduce different electron event classes and their viable acceleration mechanisms, defined broadly as shocks versus flares. The NrR and relativistic electrons are treated separately. Topics covered are: solar electron injection delays from flare impulsive phases; comparisons of electron intensities and spectra with flares, CMEs and accompanying solar energetic proton (SEP) events; multiple spacecraft observations; two-phase electron events; coronal flares; shock-associated (SA) events; electron spectral invariance; and solar electron intensity size distributions. This evidence suggests that CME-driven shocks are statistically the dominant acceleration mechanism of relativistic events, but most NrR electron events result from flares. Determining the solar origin of a given NrR or relativistic electron event remains a difficult proposition, and suggestions for future work are given.     

航天器贮箱变质量流固耦合系统的动力学响应

研究了航天器贮箱变质量流固耦合系统的动力学特性.根据虚拟质量法(VMM),结合边界元法和有限元法构建了系统的动力学模型,建模过程中着重考虑了质量变化对系统的动态影响.通过Newmark直接积分法计算出贮箱变质量系统的振动响应.结果表明:由于系统质量减少,引起了系统振动频率的增大,并产生一个附加负阻尼.系统的振动频率的范围可以通过系统质量的范围确定.变质量引起的附加负阻尼的大小与系统的质量变化率成正比.对于系统的横向振动,质量减少引起的附加负阻尼在整个过程对系统振动的影响比较稳定,对于系统的纵向振动,质量减少引起的附加负阻尼对系统振动的影响随时间的增加而增大.      

基于确定学习理论的轴流压气机系统分岔预测

针对轴流压气机系统中的分岔预测问题,基于简化的Moore-Greitzer 3阶压气机模型,分析了该系统中存在的分岔现象;利用最新发展的确定学习理论,对压气机系统随着γ参数变化出现的几种典型模态的相关系统动态进行辨识,并将所学知识保存成常值RBF神经网络以构成模式库;利用该模式库构建1组嵌入了常值RBF神经网络的动态估计器;将测试模式与估计器相比,得到1组残差,并利用动态模式识别方法的残差最小原则实现了对Pitchfork分岔的预测。