地面燃气轮机单管燃烧室流量分配试验

对设计的100kW地面燃气轮机单管燃烧室空气流量分配进行了试验研究。在常压环境下采用堵孔法分别得到了旋流器、主燃孔和掺混孔的流量特性曲线,分析得到燃烧室不同结构的流量系数;试验研究了不同进口流量条件下燃烧室的流量分配,测量得到了燃烧室总压损失。研究发现:随着进口空气流量的增加,燃烧室的流量分配比例基本保持稳定,并且与燃烧室的设计空气比例基本吻合;随着燃烧室进口流量（雷诺数）的增加,旋流器、主燃孔和掺混孔的流量系数呈线性降低;随着进口流量（雷诺数）的增加,燃烧室总压损失逐渐增大;对主燃孔和掺混孔的流量特性测量中,两种测量方法得到的试验结果稍有差别,总体上看两种测量方法的试验结果较为接近。通过对比分析证明两种试验测量方法真实可靠,该研究结果可为100kW地面燃气轮机燃烧室的设计与优化提供依据。      

用于空间探测飞行时间质谱仪的真空系统和取样系统设计

文章介绍了可用于空间探测飞行时间质谱仪的真空系统和取样系统设计,并建立了该TOFMS原理样机的地面试验系统。为适应空间探测和地面试验2种不同工作模式,设计了2套不同的真空系统。根据文章建立的气体样本进样的理论分析模型进行理论分析计算,并通过地面适应性试验测定了质谱室的真空度、空气的Voltage-Amu谱图、Kr样本Voltage-Amu谱图及进样时间。试验结果表明:真空系统和取样系统设计合理,能够满足试验需求;理论分析模型正确,能够用于指导试验。     

Recent active thermal management technologies for the development of energy-optimized aerospace vehicles in China

Recently, the development of modern vehicles has brought about aggressive integration and miniaturization of on-board electrical and electronic devices. It will lead to exponential growth in both the overall waste heat and heat flux to be dissipated to maintain the devices within a safe temperature range. However, both the total heat sinks aboard and the cooling capacity of currently utilized thermal control strategy are severely limited, which threatens the lifetime of the on-board equipment and even the entire flight system and shrink the vehicle’s flight time and range. Facing these thermal challenges, the USA proposed the program of “INVENT” to maximize utilities of the available heat sinks and enhance the cooling ability of thermal control strategies. Following the efforts done by the USA researchers, scientists in China fought their ways to develop thermal management technologies for Chinese advanced energy-optimized airplanes and spacecraft. This paper elaborates the available on-board heat sinks and aerospace thermal management systems using both active and passive technologies not confined to the technology in China. Subsequently, active thermal management technologies in China including fuel thermal management system, environment control system, non-fuel liquid cooling strategy are reviewed. At last, space thermal control technologies used in Chinese Space Station and Chang’e-3 and to be used in Chang’e-5 are introduced. Key issues to be solved are also identified, which could facilitate the development of aerospace thermal control techniques across the world.     

The effective temperatures of O-type stars from UV spectroscopy

We present an analysis of high resolution spectra in the far-UV – UV range (∼905–2000 Å) with non-LTE, spherical, hydrodynamical, line-blanketed models, of three O-type Galactic stars, and derive their photospheric and wind parameters. These data extend previously analyzed samples and fill a gap in spectral type coverage. The combined sample confirms a revised (downward) T_eff scale with respect to canonical calibrations, as found in our previous works from UV and optical spectra, and in recent works by other authors.     

New trade tree for manned mars missions

Recent studies on human missions to Mars suggest revisiting the parameters that have the most important impact on the complexity, the initial mass in low Earth orbit, the risks and the development costs for the first journey to the red planet. In the last NASA reference mission, a trade tree is proposed.     

Applications of tuned mass dampers to improve performance of large space mirrors

In order for future imaging spacecraft to meet higher resolution imaging capability, it will be necessary to build large space telescopes with primary mirror diameters that range from 10 m to 20 m and do so with nanometer surface accuracy. Due to launch vehicle mass and volume constraints, these mirrors have to be deployable and lightweight, such as segmented mirrors using active optics to correct mirror surfaces with closed loop control. As a part of this work, system identification tests revealed that dynamic disturbances inherent in a laboratory environment are significant enough to degrade the optical performance of the telescope. Research was performed at the Naval Postgraduate School to identify the vibration modes most affecting the optical performance and evaluate different techniques to increase damping of those modes. Based on this work, tuned mass dampers (TMDs) were selected because of their simplicity in implementation and effectiveness in targeting specific modes. The selected damping mechanism was an eddy current damper where the damping and frequency of the damper could be easily changed. System identification of segments was performed to derive TMD specifications. Several configurations of the damper were evaluated, including the number and placement of TMDs, damping constant, and targeted structural modes. The final configuration consisted of two dampers located at the edge of each segment and resulted in 80% reduction in vibrations. The WFE for the system without dampers was 1.5 waves, with one TMD the WFE was 0.9 waves, and with two TMDs the WFE was 0.25 waves. This paper provides details of some of the work done in this area and includes theoretical predictions for optimum damping which were experimentally verified on a large aperture segmented system.     

Strong geomagnetic activity forecast by neural networks under dominant southern orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field

The paper deals with the relation of the southern orientation of the north–south component _Bz$B_z$ of the interplanetary magnetic field to geomagnetic activity (GA) and subsequently a method is suggested of using the found facts to forecast potentially dangerous high GA. We have found that on a day with very high GA hourly averages of _Bz$B_z$ with a negative sign occur at least 16 times in typical cases. Since it is very difficult to estimate the orientation of _Bz$B_z$ in the immediate vicinity of the Earth one day or even a few days in advance, we have suggested using a neural-network model, which assumes the worse of the possibilities to forecast the danger of high GA – the dominant southern orientation of the interplanetary magnetic field. The input quantities of the proposed model were information about X-ray flares, type II and IV radio bursts as well as information about coronal mass ejections (CME). In comparing the GA forecasts with observations, we obtain values of the Hanssen–Kuiper skill score ranging from 0.463 to 0.727, which are usual values for similar forecasts of space weather. The proposed model provides forecasts of potentially dangerous high geomagnetic activity should the interplanetary CME (ICME), the originator of geomagnetic storms, hit the Earth under the most unfavorable configuration of cosmic magnetic fields. We cannot know in advance whether the unfavorable configuration is going to occur or not; we just know that it will occur with the probability of 31%.     

低雷诺数下离心压气机性能及流动影响的数值研究

对高空低雷诺数条件下低压离心压气机进行了全三维数值模拟,分析了雷诺数对其内部流场的影响.结果表明:随着雷诺数降低,离心压气机的效率、裕度和流通能力下降;影响叶片表面负荷分布,使得转子叶片的做功能力下降;叶片前缘分离区范围增大,二次流增强,分流叶片叶尖泄漏损失增大,主叶片吸力面通道的低速区明显增大,起始位置也向前移动,对展向的影响区域也随之增加.      

Flow Stability Model for Fan/Compressors with Annular Duct and Novel Casing Treatment

A three-dimensional compressible flow stability model is presented in this paper, which focuses on stall inception of multi-stage axial flow compressors with a finite large radius annular duct configuration for the first time. It is shown that under some assumptions, the stability equation can be obtained yielding from a group of homogeneous equations. The stability can be judged by the non-dimensional imaginary part of the resultant complex frequency eigenvalue. Further more, based on the analysis of the unsteady phenomenon caused by casing treatment, the function of casing treatment has been modeled by a wall impedance condition which is included in the stability model through the eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenfunctions of the system. Finally, some experimental investigation and two numerical evaluation cases are conducted to validate this model and emphasis is placed on numerically studying the sensitivity of the setup of different boundary conditions on the stall inception of axial flow fan/compressors. A novel casing treatment which consists of a backchamber and a perforated plate is suggested, and it is noted that the open area ratio of the casing treatment is less than 10%, and is far smaller than conventional casing treatment with open area ratio of over 50%, which could result in stall margin improvement without obvious efficiency loss of fan/compressors.     

星上控制力矩陀螺群隔振平台的动力学特性

为能够给星上有效载荷提供一种超静环境,提出一种星上控制力矩陀螺群(CMGs,Control Moment Gyroscopes)的隔振方案,并对所使用的隔振平台的动力学特性进行研究分析.首先介绍了不同参数模型的隔振元件工作原理和参数特性;其次利用牛顿-欧拉法对含有隔振平台和CMGs的卫星进行动力学建模;最后通过频域和时域的方法分析并对比了各个参数模型下的隔振平台力衰减特性以及对星体姿态稳定度的改善程度.结果表明:两参数加调谐质量阻尼器模型下的隔振平台对共振峰值有一定的衰减作用,三参数模型下的隔振平台在力衰减和对姿态稳定度的改善程度上要明显优于其他2种模型.