大型转动机械碰摩故障分析的声发射检测系统

汽轮发电机、空气压缩机等采用油膜支撑的大型转动机械,由于安装或运行中的原因,在转子旋转过程中,可能和器壁发生轻微的摩擦和碰击,简称碰摩.声发射技术在碰摩发生特别是故障早期诊断上有优越性.本系统的特点是没有沿用传统的计数、幅度、能量和持续时间等声发射特性参数,而是在声发射包络信号的频率分析中进行特征提取.声发射发生的过程分析和现场试验都表明这种方法对碰摩检测很敏感,在碰摩发生的起始阶段,包络谱中与转速同步的周期性分量显著增加.根据这种新的设计思想自行研制了BUAA碰摩声发射检测仪并对此作了介绍.     

微结构谐振传感器

阐述了频率输出的新型谐振传感器的发展方向之一——微型化。评价性地论述了热激励硅谐振压力传感器和热激励谐振膜质量流量传感器。重点讨论了热激励的原理,特点等。指出我国应对传感器的这一发展趋势给予足够的重视。     

Orientations of LASCO Halo CMEs and their connection to the flux rope structure of interplanetary CMEs

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) observed near the Sun via LASCO coronographic imaging are the most important solar drivers of geomagnetic storms. ICMEs, their interplanetary, near-Earth counterparts, can be detected in situ, for example, by the Wind and ACE spacecraft. An ICME usually exhibits a complex structure that very often includes a magnetic cloud (MC). They can be commonly modelled as magnetic flux ropes and there is observational evidence to expect that the orientation of a halo CME elongation corresponds to the orientation of the flux rope. In this study, we compare orientations of elongated CME halos and the corresponding MCs, measured by Wind and ACE spacecraft. We characterize the MC structures by using the Grad–Shafranov reconstruction technique and three MC fitting methods to obtain their axis directions. The CME tilt angles and MC fitted axis angles were compared without taking into account handedness of the underlying flux rope field and the polarity of its axial field. We report that for about 64% of CME–MC events, we found a good correspondence between the orientation angles implying that for the majority of interplanetary ejecta their orientations do not change significantly (less than 45 deg rotation) while travelling from the Sun to the near-Earth environment.     

Coronal mass ejection detection using wavelets,curvelets and ridgelets: Applications for space weather monitoring

Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are large-scale eruptions of plasma and magnetic field that can produce adverse space weather at Earth and other locations in the Heliosphere. Due to the intrinsic multiscale nature of features in coronagraph images, wavelet and multiscale image processing techniques are well suited to enhancing the visibility of CMEs and suppressing noise. However, wavelets are better suited to identifying point-like features, such as noise or background stars, than to enhancing the visibility of the curved form of a typical CME front. Higher order multiscale techniques, such as ridgelets and curvelets, were therefore explored to characterise the morphology (width, curvature) and kinematics (position, velocity, acceleration) of CMEs. Curvelets in particular were found to be well suited to characterising CME properties in a self-consistent manner. Curvelets are thus likely to be of benefit to autonomous monitoring of CME properties for space weather applications.     

基于雷达航迹的航空器质量估算

为保障基于轨迹运行的顺利实施,必须提高四维航迹预测的精度,而四维航迹的精准预测依赖于航空器质量准确估算。鉴于此,构建并分析了航空器能量模型;基于雷达航迹与航空器基础资料( BADA),提出了新型的航空器质量估算方法与步骤;利用最小二乘算法求解了航空器质量的估计值;分别基于预测航迹、雷达轨迹与QAR数据,采用相对误差作为评价指标,实施验证与分析。验证结果表明,提出的方法可将航空器质量估算误差控制在5%以内,从而能够有效地提高航迹预测精度。     

基于非接触式测量的旋转叶片动应变重构方法

基于叶端定时非接触式测量和振动响应传递比的概念,开展高速旋转叶片动应变重构方法的研究。在频域内推导了叶片任意测点位移与任意测点动应变的传递比,给出了单模态共振下响应传递比关于位移和应变模态振型的解析表达式;建立旋转叶片的三维(3D)有限元模型,开展考虑旋转预应力效应的叶片模态分析,提取位移和应变模态振型,获得任意转速下叶端位移与叶根关键点动应变的传递比。开展高速旋转叶片叶端定时非接触式测量实验,采用周向傅里叶算法对叶端定时信号进行处理,获得叶片在不同转速单模态共振下的叶端位移,结合响应传递比,重构5个旋转叶片的关键点动应变。结果表明:旋转叶片在9000r/min和13000r/min转速下发生1阶共振时,与应变片实测结果相比,叶根处应力最大点、次大点和边缘点3个关键点的动应变平均重构误差均小于15%,验证了旋转叶片动应变重构方法的有效性。     

面向一体化计算的整体式液体冲压发动机建模及性能评估

为发展冲压发动机性能工程预估方法,建立了面向一体化计算的整体式液体冲压发动机性能计算模型,并使其兼容基团贡献算法,提高了拓展性。利用模型分析了冲压发动机在攻角0°～6°、高度0～18km、马赫数2.0～3.5、余气系数1.0～2.9范围工况多维度连续变化下,比冲、推力系数和燃油质量流量的速度-高度特性、高度-节流特性、节流-速度特性以及攻角特性。研究结果表明:性能计算模型可在一体化计算条件下、基团贡献算法允许范围内,不依赖试验数据对冲压发动机性能预估,计算结果与技术参考值相比相对误差均小于14%。推力系数和比冲具有基本一致的速度-高度特性和相似的高度-节流特性,受燃气组分影响,推力系数和比冲的节流-速度特性差异明显。燃油质量流量的变化规律不同于比冲和推力系数,在进入平流层后呈现折缓趋势,而呈现连续性,速度越大、高度越低、余气系数越小,燃油质量流量越高,反之则越小。引入攻角以后,攻角越大,比冲和推力系数越低,进气道起动马赫数越高;攻角-起动马赫数曲线小范围内近似线性,攻角超过5.6°非线性加剧。     

固定小翼颤振激励系统试飞验证

针对一种新研制的带开缝旋转圆筒固定小翼激励系统,对其工作特性和激励力特性进行了试飞验证。试验结果表明,该系统工作特性基本达到了最初的设计指标要求,激励力特性理论计算与实测结果基本吻合,为该系统进一步的应用奠定了基础。     

结冰实验段空气-水混合流动过程的数值模拟

针对结冰实验段内低温空气与高温雾化水滴的混合流动过程进行了数值模拟,采用拉格朗日方法建立了空气-游离水滴/冰粒多相混合流动与传热传质的一维分析模型,考虑了水滴粒径分布、相变及空气-水滴/冰粒传热传质等因素,求解了流道内气流温度/湿度/速度,水滴温度/速度/半径等参数沿流动方向的变化,分析了水滴粒径分布、气流温度、液态水含量、相对湿度等参数对流动与传热过程的影响,与已有数据的对比验证了模型及结论的正确性.