北斗/GNSS高精度时频终端测试方法探讨

基于虚拟仪器技术、网络技术和批量化测量技术,探讨北斗/GNSS高精度时频应用终端的测试手段;提出应用测试模块化和VXI/PXI/LXI总线技术的测试设计方案,该方案具有多路标准时间频率参考信号一致性设计和网络远程测试校准设计;同时,提出北斗/GNSS高精度时频终端测试校准系统的结构设计及其应用模式。这将能有效提高北斗/GNSS时频终端测试的集成化和智能化水平。     

Digital signal processing and numerical analysis for radar in geophysical applications

Numerical solutions for signal processing are described in this work as a contribution to study of echo detection methods for ionospheric sounder design. The ionospheric sounder is a high frequency radar for geophysical applications. The main detection approach has been done by implementing the spread-spectrum techniques using coding methods to improve the radar’s range resolution by transmitting low power. Digital signal processing has been performed and the numerical methods were checked. An algorithm was proposed and its computational complexity was calculated.     

Systematic examination of the geomagnetic storm sudden commencement using multi resolution analysis

Geomagnetic storm sudden commencements (SSC) contain a wealth of information which is useful in many applications. It is important to point out that the SSCs used in this study are sampled at the rate of one sample per second in order get use of such high resolution data. In this paper, two studies are made on the geomagnetic SSC and an SSC onset automatic detection algorithm is introduced. The first study is about finding the relationship between the SSC rise time and its amplitude. Where it is found that there is a positive correlation between the amplitude and the amplitude gradient which is the amplitude divided by rise time. The second study is checking the spectrum of the SSC, starting from its onset until the end of the SSC rise time. This check had proved that the SSC contains both low and high frequency regions. This led us to introduce a new term, namely the SSC variation rate (VR). This VR is defined as the maximum rate of change of the field in the higher-frequency region of the SSC. These two studies were the guide to build an SSC automatic detector of one sample per second data using multi resolution analysis (MRA) of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT). The data set contains 134 SSCs with different VRs that were collected from the Circum-pan Pacific Magnetometer Network (CPMN). It is found that the standard deviation of the detection error is 41 s and that the average error is 9 s. From the calculated error distribution function, it is found that the detection error is within the range of −1.5 to 3 min. The detection process, as will be shown in the article, takes 70 s for one station and 3 min if the decision is related to the detection(s) of other stations. These results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm over other algorithms in which the detection error ranges between −8 and 5 min and the detection process takes 2–10 min. In addition to being faster and more accurate than the other algorithms, the proposed algorithm is the first algorithm that automatically detects the SSC onset times from high-resolution data unlike previous studies that focused on determining the SSC times automatically using one-minute resolution data.     

粒子滤波及其在航天器交会对接相对导航中的应用

在全面分析粒子滤波原理的基础上,提出一种改进高斯粒子滤波方法.该方法利用确定性采样滤波算法进行时间更新,替代高斯粒子滤波算法中的随机采样过程;另外,针对厚尾噪声情况,利用鲁棒统计方法对确定性采样滤波方法进行鲁棒性改进,并将其应用于所提出的改进高斯粒子滤波.将粒子滤波算法应用于交会对接相对导航问题,仿真结果表明,在多种测量噪声情况下,改进高斯粒子滤波较其他粒子滤波,能够在不过多损失估计精度的同时有效降低计算量.文中的研究成果为将粒子滤波应用于航天器导航问题提供了理论参考.     

基于四路信号处理的载波锁相环

载波跟踪环是独立导航接收机中最为脆弱的部分,在一定载噪比下,影响载波跟踪环跟踪门限的主要因素是动态应力。科斯塔斯锁相环是最常用的载波跟踪环之一,由于频率牵引范围的限制,其对动态应力非常敏感,该频率牵引范围由最大相位牵引范围决定。传统科斯塔斯锁相环是基于两路信号处理进行载波相位锁定的,其相位牵入范围仅为［-π/2,π/2］。文章提出了一种基于四路信号处理的科斯塔斯锁相环,增加的两路信号分别与原来两路相位相差π/4,其相位牵入范围可以达到［-3π/4,3π/4］,较传统方式提高了1/2。仿真结果显示文中提出的设计方法能够明显提高环路的动态性能     

改进的风险优先数(RPN)分析方法

针对工艺故障模式影响分析(PFMEA,Process Failure Modes and Effects Analysis)中风险优先数(RPN,Risk Priority Number)分析方法存在的缺陷,在分析导致这些缺陷的原因的基础上,提出了一种基于费用及发生概率的定性与定量相结合的RPN分析方法.该方法中定性分析部分以传统RPN分析方法中的严酷度等级评价为基础,对工艺故障模式的严酷度等级进行评价;定量分析部分以故障模式发生后导致的费用损失的期望值作为RPN值.改进后的RPN分析方法中,定量化的数据使得风险排序更为客观、准确.最后,使用改进后的RPN分析方法对相控阵雷达中某组件的滤波器装配工艺进行了PFMEA分析,取得了良好的效果.      

基于超声波的移动机器人多目标探测定位方法

为了使移动机器人能够对离散的多个目标进行准确的探测定位,提出了一种新的超声波智能探测方法.采用3个收发一体的超声换能器阵列发送近似的平面声波波束,并建立空间坐标系.3个探头定时发送超声波脉冲,同时数字信号处理器采集并分析接收到的回波信号,在给定的算法下滤除杂波、识别提取回波首波、二次回波和三次回波等特征信号数据,在正确检测出各路波束的回波时间后,通过计算给出多个被测物体的准确定位.实验采用了杆件物体作为被测对象,对回波信号进行高速数据采集处理后计算出被测目标的坐标值,比较了计算物位与实测物位数据,结果验证了该方法的可行性与正确性.      

Geostationary orbit determination using SATRE

A new strategy of precise orbit determination (POD) for GEO (Geostationary Earth Orbit) satellite using SATRE (SAtellite Time and Ranging Equipment) is presented. Two observation modes are proposed and different channels of the same instruments are used to construct different observation modes, one mode receiving time signals from their own station and the other mode receiving time signals from each other for two stations called pairs of combined observations. Using data from such a tracking network in China, the results for both modes are compared. The precise orbit determination for the Sino-1 satellite using the data from 6 June 2005 to 13 June 2005 has been carried out in this work. The RMS (Root-Mean-Square) of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the former mode is better than 9.1 cm. The RMS of observing residuals for 3-day solutions with the latter mode is better than 4.8 cm, much better than the former mode. Orbital overlapping (3-day orbit solution with 1-day orbit overlap) tests show that the RMS of the orbit difference for the former mode is 0.16 m in the radial direction, 0.53 m in the along-track direction, 0.97 m in the cross-track direction and 1.12 m in the 3-dimension position and the RMS of the orbit difference for the latter mode is 0.36 m in the radial direction, 0.89 m in the along-track direction, 1.18 m in the cross-track direction and 1.52 m in the 3-dimension position, almost the same as the former mode. All the experiments indicate that a meter-level accuracy of orbit determination for geostationary satellite is achievable.     

基于OWRR-PF的机载图像中导弹跟踪方法

针对利用图像信息实现飞行器的导弹预警跟踪中导弹运动2D建模、运动模型非线性和目标干扰非高斯等问题,研究了比例导引下导弹在三维空间中的运动在成像面上的运动模式,建立了比例制导导弹的2D投影运动状态模型.由于模型中速度和加速度等主要物理量的非线性,并考虑导弹运动过程中受到的风向、风力、气旋和气流等随机干扰的非高斯性,采用粒子滤波方法实现导弹跟踪;并针对粒子滤波在跟踪过程中存在的粒子退化问题,提出有序权值残差重采样粒子滤波(OWRR-PF,Ordered Weight Residual Resampling Particle Filter)方法,该方法缓解了粒子退化问题,提高了跟踪的准确度.利用所建立的导弹运动模型进行连续视频试验,与标准粒子滤波相比跟踪精度提高了70%左右,与残差重采样粒子滤波方法相比跟踪精度提高了15%左右.     

空间色噪声下信号频域检测方法性能分析

水下小孔径阵列的应用环境是色噪声环境,针对超增益波束形成方法在色噪声环境下噪声协方差矩阵估计偏差使阵列空间增益不能达到最大的问题,提出了一种频域超增益波束形成方法(FSD, Super-Directive beamforming in Frequency domain),该方法将宽带接收数据分成多个子带,在每个子带内分别估计噪声协方差矩阵,降低了噪声协方差矩阵的估计偏差,并使用估计得到的噪声协方差矩阵对接收数据解相关.最后使用空间谱检测器检测微弱目标信号.实测噪声数据的仿真结果表明,空间有色噪声环境中FSD方法的检测性能优于传统的时域超增益波束形成方法(TSD, Super-Directive beamforming in Time domain)2 dB,优于频域最小方差无畸变响应(FMVDR, Minimum Variance Distortionless Response in Frequency domain)波束形成方法2 dB.