基于BBN的航空公司风险评估技术研究

 在人、机、环境和管理(MMEM)系统理论的基础上,通过研究有关民航规则、标准中的相关内容建立航空公司风险评估指标体系;利用层次分析法(AHP)确定指标权重,运用模糊综合评价法(FCE)量化其中的定性指标;基于贝叶斯置信网络(BBN)软件GeNIe完成了整个系统贝叶斯网络拓扑结构的建立,将航空公司历史数据作为贝叶斯网络参数学习的训练数据,获取节点概率表(NPT),建立航空公司风险评估模型,并对其进行概率推理计算;通过环比分析确定影响风险的主要因素。     

典型舰载预警机复飞特性

舰载预警机复飞时,需要通过加大发动机推力提高飞行速度,从而增加其升力以使航迹下沉量减少,避免与舰尾相撞。在分析舰载预警机复飞准则的基础上,通过建立舰载预警机着舰复飞时的非线性动力学方程,计算分析了不同速度、不同下沉率时舰载预警机的复飞轨迹和复飞边界。仿真结果表明:适当的复飞决策距离和较大的发动机推力,可保证舰载预警机安全复飞。     

仪表飞行程序运行安全性评价模型与仿真分析

为对飞行程序设计与运行的安全性进行定量分析,需建立评价指标测度模型。从超障安全和飞行冲突风险水平两方面分析了影响飞行程序安全性的主要因素,提出了飞行程序运行的近地风险模型、飞行程序运行交通流内部以及不同飞行程序运行交通流之间的冲突强度和累计风险模型。以实际的进离场飞行程序为例开展仿真实验,提出了安全指标量化分析的方法,揭示了飞行程序构型、布局等影响安全性的规律。实验结果表明,该模型能客观地反映飞行程序安全性且有计算简便的特点。     

高风险场所安全防范系统不确定性分析与评估

安全防范系统运行的有效性是保证被防护对象的关键。然而,安全防范系统本身及其运行环境存在多种不确定性因素,这些不确定性的存在将导致场所内存在很大的风险性,如果分析处理不当会产生严重的后果。在给出物理系统不确定性模型的基础上,分析了安全防范系统中存在的不确定性因素,提出了层次分析和灰色理论相结合的方法,评估不确定风险因素的权重,实现对入侵报警系统不确定性的评估。     

金融工程学的发展和基本功能

金融工程产生的原因在于布雷顿森林体系之后的浮动汇率制和全球经济贸易金融一体化。其主要内容包括期权类组合、互换类组合和复合票据组合三大类。金融工程的宏观功能在于资产保值增值和规避风险;促进金融业的有效竞争,提高金融市场的效率;降低企业融资成本,促进经济健康发展。有效的金融监管和金融现货市场的发达完善是实施金融工程必须具备的客观条件。     

基于Event的侧向碰撞风险改进模型

Event模型是一种基于长方体碰撞模板的碰撞风险评估模型,用该模型评估所得的碰撞风险概率过于保守。将碰撞模板改为圆柱体,建立了基于碰撞圆柱体的Event模型。在相同条件下运用Event模型和改进的Event模型对平行航路的侧向碰撞风险进行了评估计算,后者的碰撞风险是原Event模型碰撞风险的86.9％,仿真结果表明改进模型碰撞风险评估更精确,能够为中国平行航路的开辟进行安全评估计算提供理论依据。     

基于领域专家知识的发动机模糊可靠性分配方法

提出了一种基于多领域专家知识的发动机模糊可靠性分配方法,以降低决策者主观偏好以及分配过程中模糊和不确定因素对分配结果的影响.基于对影响发动机可靠性因素的分析,建立了发动机模糊可靠性分配的数学模型,并以三角模糊数代替常规层次分析法中的标度,提出了一种模糊评判矩阵方法来确定影响可靠性因素的权重.在可靠性分配过程中,充分考虑多领域专家的意见和产品开发过程的风险性.以应用实例对提出方法的有效可行性进行了验证.      

Using high-energy proton fluence to improve risk prediction for consequences of solar particle events

The potential for exposure to large solar particle events (SPEs) with high energy levels is a major concern during interplanetary transfer and extra-vehicular activities (EVAs) on the lunar and Mars surface. Previously, we have used data from the last 5 solar cycles to estimate percentiles of dose to a typical blood-forming organ (BFO) for a hypothetical astronaut in a nominally shielded spacecraft during a 120-d lunar mission. As part of this process, we made use of complete energy spectra for 34 large historical SPEs to calculate what the BFO mGy-Eq dose would have been in the above lunar scenario for each SPE. From these calculated doses, we then developed a prediction model for BFO dose based solely on an assumed value of integrated fluence above 30 MeV (Φ₃₀) for an otherwise unspecified future SPE. In this study, we reasoned that since BFO dose is determined more by protons with higher energies than by those with lower energies, more accurate BFO dose prediction models could be developed using integrated fluence above 60 (Φ₆₀) and above 100 MeV (Φ₁₀₀) as predictors instead of Φ₃₀. However to calculate the unconditional probability of a BFO dose exceeding a pre-specified limit (“BFO dose risk”), one must also take into account the distribution of the predictor (Φ_30,Φ₆₀, or Φ₁₀₀), as estimated from historical SPEs. But Φ₆₀ and Φ₁₀₀ have more variability, and less available historical information on which to estimate their distributions over many SPE occurrences, than does Φ₃₀. Therefore, when estimating BFO dose risk there is a tradeoff between increased BFO dose prediction at a given energy threshold and decreased accuracy of models for describing the distribution of that threshold over future SPEs as the threshold increases. Even when taking the second of these two factors into account, we still arrived at the conclusion that overall prediction improves as the energy level threshold increases from 30 to 60 to 100 MeV. These results can be applied to the development of approaches to improve radiation protection of astronauts and the optimization of mission planning for future space missions.     

我国网络银行风险及其管理措施

网络银行具有超越时空、创新发展快、运作工具有别于传统银行等特点。网络银行能否顺畅发展,一个关键问题是如何防范和控制风险。网络银行的风险主要包括金融风险和业务风险等方面。金融风险所包含的信用风险是网络银行最大的风险,而市场风险对网络银行的冲击也越来越显著。加强我国网络银行的风险管理,主要通过以下措施来实现：（1）强化网络银行的信誉管理,完善社会信用体系;（2）营造良好的市场发展环境,控制市场交易风险;（3）加强银行业务监管,减少银行操作风险。     

Human response to high-background radiation environments on Earth and in space

The main long-term objective of the space exploration program is the colonization of the planets of the Solar System. The high cosmic radiation equivalent dose rate represents an inescapable problem for the safe establishment of permanent human settlements on these planets. The unshielded equivalent dose rate on Mars ranges between 100 and 200 mSv/year, depending on the Solar cycle and altitude, and can reach values as high as 360 mSv/year on the Moon. The average annual effective dose on Earth is about 3 mSv, nearly 85% of which comes from natural background radiation, reduced to less than 1 mSv if man-made sources and the internal exposure to Rn daughters are excluded. However, some areas on Earth display anomalously high levels of background radiation, as is the case with thorium-rich monazite bearing sand deposits where values 200–400 times higher than the world average can be found. About 2% of the world’s population live above 3 km and receive a disproportionate 10% of the annual effective collective dose due to cosmic radiation, with a net contribution to effective dose by the neutron component which is 3–4 fold that at sea level. Thus far, epidemiological studies have failed to show any adverse health effects in the populations living in these terrestrial high-background radiation areas (HBRA), which provide an unique opportunity to study the health implications of an environment that, as closely as possibly achievable on Earth, resembles the chronic exposure of future space colonists to higher-than-normal levels of ionizing radiation. Chromosomal aberrations in the peripheral blood lymphocytes from the HBRA residents have been measured in several studies because chromosomal damage represents an early biomarker of cancer risk. Similar cytogenetic studies have been recently performed in a cohort of astronauts involved in single or repeated space flights over many years. The cytogenetic findings in populations exposed to high dose-rate background radiation on Earth or in space will be discussed.