新的GPS单频单历元定姿算法

LAMBDA算法依赖于初始的模糊度浮点解,但仅用载波相位观测方程需要多个历元才能获得浮点解,将导致初始化时间过长.针对这一问题,对GPS(Global Positioning System)单历元的载波相位单差方程进行特殊变换,将未知的整周模糊度看成噪声,从而构造出新的观测方程,和原始的观测方程进行组合求解,克服了仅用载波相位双差观测方程因为亏秩而无法在单历元获得浮点解的缺点,解决了初始化时间的问题.通过深入研究浮点解和固定解之间的关系,提出一种将低精度浮点解映射到固定解的方法,降低了LAMBDA算法对高精度浮点解的依赖性,避免了用多个历元获取浮点解的高精度,从而实现了单频、单历元的整周模糊度估计.通过实际测试,该算法成功率高于97%,能够有效地用于实时动态姿态解算.      

基于ASUKF的火星探测器脉冲星自主导航方法

脉冲星导航可靠、稳定、精度高, 是实现火星探测器自主导航的有效手段之一.针对脉冲星导航中脉冲到达时间的微小误差会引起巨大的位置估计误差这一问题,提出了一种基于扩维Unsented卡尔曼滤波(ASUKF,Augmented State Unscented Kalman Filter)的火星探测器脉冲星自主导航方法,建立了以位置、速度和脉冲到达时间的常值测量误差作为状态量的导航系统数学模型,可在对探测器位置、速度进行估计的同时有效估计并修正脉冲到达时间的常值测量误差,并降低随机测量误差的影响.仿真结果表明该方法的导航定位精度可达350m以内,可以满足火星探测自主导航的需要.     

基于改进Terminal滑模的导弹大角度机动控制

针对空空导弹攻击载机尾后目标的大角度机动控制问题,提出一种基于复合滑模面与扰动抑制机制的非奇异Terminal滑模(NTSM)控制器设计方法。首先建立了包含有气动不确定性的直接力控制系统(RCS)空空导弹数学模型,并采用传统NTSM控制方法设计了导弹姿态控制律。然后,在此基础上,针对大角度机动时初始状态远离平衡点的问题,设计了一种复合滑模面以加快系统收敛速度。为解决大攻角下的气动不确定性导致的严重抖振问题,引入了扩张状态观测器(ESO)技术,实现了系统不确定量的在线估计与补偿。对所提方法的稳定性分析证明了系统的有限时间收敛特性。最后,将设计的控制器应用于空空导弹的敏捷转弯大角度机动控制,仿真结果表明新方法可以加快系统收敛速度,并能有效削弱未建模动力学造成的抖振现象。      

一种功能梯度Timoshenko梁的损伤识别方法

为了获得功能梯度材料的高精度损伤识别方法,本文基于动力学方法,通过对状态空间变量进行变量替换,求得了沿轴向指数分布的功能梯度Timoshenko梁的传递矩阵,通过分析裂纹对结构局部柔度的影响,采用扭转弹簧模拟裂纹对结构局部柔度的贡献,建立了功能梯度Timoshenko梁的表面裂纹传递矩阵,并且推导了复杂边界条件下多跨梁的理论模型。通过将非线性方程组转化为单一目标函数优化问题,并将增广拉格朗日算法与差分进化算法相结合对结构进行损伤识别。计算实例表明,本文提出的方法具有精度高、收敛快等特点,且适用于复杂边界条件下多损伤模型的损伤识别。      

Generating precise and homogeneous orbits for Jason-1 and Jason-2

Driven by the GMES (Global Monitoring for Environment and Security) and GGOS (Global Geodetic Observing System) initiatives the user community has a strong demand for high-quality altimetry products. In order to derive such high-quality altimetry products, precise orbits for the altimetry satellites are a necessity. With the launch of the TOPEX/Poseidon mission in 1992 a still on-going time series of high-accuracy altimetry measurements of ocean topography started, continued by the altimetry missions Jason-1 in 2001 and Jason-2/OSTM in 2008. This paper contributes to the on-going orbit reprocessing carried out by several groups and presents the efforts of the Navigation Support Office at ESA/ESOC using its NAPEOS software for the generation of precise and homogeneous orbits referring to the same reference frame for the altimetry satellites Jason-1 and Jason-2. Data of all three tracking instruments on-board the satellites (beside the altimeter), i.e. GPS, DORIS, and SLR measurements, were used in a combined data analysis. About 7 years of Jason-1 data and more than 1 year of Jason-2 data were processed. Our processing strategy is close to the GDR-C standards. However, we estimated slightly different scaling factors for the solar radiation pressure model of 0.96 and 0.98 for Jason-1 and Jason-2, respectively. We used 30 s sampled GPS data and introduced 30 s satellite clocks stemming from ESOC’s reprocessing of the combined GPS/GLONASS IGS solution. We present the orbit determination results, focusing on the benefits of adding GPS data to the solution. The fully combined solution was found to give the best orbit results. We reach a post-fit RMS of the GPS phase observation residuals of 6 mm for Jason-1 and 7 mm for Jason-2. The DORIS post-fit residuals clearly benefit from using GPS data in addition, as the DORIS data editing improves. The DORIS observation RMS for the fully combined solution is with 3.5 mm and 3.4 mm, respectively, 0.3 mm better than for the DORIS-SLR solution. Our orbit solution agrees well with external solutions from other analysis centers, as CNES, LCA, and JPL. The orbit differences between our fully combined orbits and the CNES GDR-C orbits are of about 0.8 cm for Jason-1 and at 0.9 cm for Jason-2 in the radial direction. In the cross-track component we observe a clear improvement when adding GPS data to the POD process. The 3D-RMS of the orbit differences reveals a good orbit consistency at 2.7 cm and 2.9 cm for Jason-1 and Jason-2. Our resulting orbit series for both Jason satellites refer to the ITRF2005 reference frame and are provided in sp3 file format on our ftp server.     

表面粗糙度的现状及发展

讨论了表面粗糙度测量和表征中,一些人们感兴趣的有待解决的问题,如：基准、滤波、校准样块、评定软件和表征参数等．认为在3D表面分析中应采用数字滤波,以保留数据的完整性;辨析了现存测量仪器和方法的范围──分辨力空间图中的缺口;介绍了校准样块的制备和测量;同时指出当前评定软件缺乏一致性和标准性,建议设计“软件量规”．最后指出了表面特征分析的发展趋势．     

The Geophysics of Mercury: Current Status and Anticipated Insights from the MESSENGER Mission

Current geophysical knowledge of the planet Mercury is based upon observations from ground-based astronomy and flybys of the Mariner 10 spacecraft, along with theoretical and computational studies. Mercury has the highest uncompressed density of the terrestrial planets and by implication has a metallic core with a radius approximately 75% of the planetary radius. Mercury’s spin rate is stably locked at 1.5 times the orbital mean motion. Capture into this state is the natural result of tidal evolution if this is the only dissipative process affecting the spin, but the capture probability is enhanced if Mercury’s core were molten at the time of capture. The discovery of Mercury’s magnetic field by Mariner 10 suggests the possibility that the core is partially molten to the present, a result that is surprising given the planet’s size and a surface crater density indicative of early cessation of significant volcanic activity. A present-day liquid outer core within Mercury would require either a core sulfur content of at least several weight percent or an unusual history of heat loss from the planet’s core and silicate fraction. A crustal remanent contribution to Mercury’s observed magnetic field cannot be ruled out on the basis of current knowledge. Measurements from the MESSENGER orbiter, in combination with continued ground-based observations, hold the promise of setting on a firmer basis our understanding of the structure and evolution of Mercury’s interior and the relationship of that evolution to the planet’s geological history.     

基于Gauss-Newton和UKF结合的微小卫星姿态确定算法

为提高微型低成本姿态敏感器的姿态确定精度,文章基于磁强计/太阳敏感器/陀螺的姿态敏感器配置,设计了高斯牛顿（Gauss-Newton,GN）迭代算法和无迹卡尔曼滤波（Unscented Kalman Filter,UKF）有机结合的微小卫星姿态确定算法,先用Gauss-Newton算法融合磁强计和太阳敏感器的数据,迭代计算最优四元数,然后以最优四元数联合陀螺数据作为观测量,以姿态四元数和惯性系下的角速度为状态量进行UKF,降低观测维数,并将观测方程转化为线性方程,显著减小计算量,同时克服了测量误差对姿态确定精度的影响。     

花岗石锯切状态的识别与评估控制策略

针对目前国内花岗石锯切加工的现状,指出以锯切工作状态规范锯切作业是实现花岗石高效低耗锯加工的关键,明确提出了石材锯切时单颗磨粒最佳干涉切深的概念,生产现场的锯切跟踪试验和锯切表面断口形貌的显微分析表明材质不同的各种花岗石都明显生存一个单颗磨粒干涉切深的最佳范围,在该范围内包切不仅可以获得高的材料去除率,同时还可确保金刚石锯片有高的使用寿命,本文提出的有关锯切状态的识别与调控方法的创新构想和建议,对     

悬停状态下无轴承尾浆气弹稳定性分析

新型发愤浆型式无轴承尾浆的气弹稳定性分析非常复杂，而目前国内在这方面的研究还是空白。本文试图建立一套有工程实用意义的无轴承尾浆气弹稳定性分析方法和相应的分析程序，并进行参数影响分析和计算。在前期研究工作的基础上，本文推导出正交各向异性复合材料梁的应变能变分表达式，并将其用于推导旋翼／机身耦合系统的运动方程。再通过对系统的稳态周期解进行摄动，得到相应的线化周期时变动力学方程，用Floquet理论判断系统的稳定性。最后，分析计算了悬停状态下某无人直升机无轴承尾桨的气弹稳定性，表明其孤立桨叶及尾桨／传动轴／尾梁的耦合系统是稳定的；并进行了参数分析，得到一些有意义的结论。