Nonlinear filtering methods for spacecraft navigation based on differential algebra

The paper investigates the problem of nonlinear filtering applied to spacecraft navigation. Differential algebraic (DA) techniques are proposed as a valuable tool to implement the higher-order numerical and analytic extended Kalman filters. Working in the DA framework allows us to consistently reduce the required computational effort without losing accuracy. The performance of the proposed filters is assessed on different orbit determination problems with realistic orbit uncertainties. The case of nonlinear measurements is also considered. Numerical simulations show the good performance of the filter in case of both complex dynamics and highly nonlinear measurement problems.     

GSFC DORIS contribution to ITRF2008

The NASA GSFC DORIS analysis center has provided weekly DORIS solutions from November 1992 to January 2009 (839 SINEX files) of station positions and Earth Orientation Parameters for inclusion in the DORIS contribution to ITRF2008. The NASA GSFC GEODYN orbit determination software was used to process the orbits and produce the normal equations. The weekly SINEX gscwd10 submissions included DORIS data from Envisat, TOPEX/Poseidon, SPOT-2, SPOT-3, SPOT-4, SPOT-5. The orbits were mostly seven days in length (except for weeks with data gaps or maneuvers). The processing used the GRACE-derived EIGEN-GL04S1 gravity model, updated modeling for time-variable gravity, the GOT4.7 ocean tide model and tuned satellite-specific macromodels for SPOT-2, SPOT-3, SPOT-4, SPOT-5 and TOPEX/Poseidon. The University College London (UCL) radiation pressure model for Envisat improves nonconservative force modeling for this satellite, reducing the median residual empirical daily along-track accelerations from 3.75 × 10⁻⁹ m/s² with the a priori macromodel to 0.99 × 10⁻⁹ m/s² with the UCL model. For the SPOT and Envisat DORIS satellite orbits from 2003 to 2008, we obtain average RMS overlaps of 0.8–0.9 cm in the radial direction, 2.1–3.4 cm cross-track, and 1.7–2.3 cm along-track. The RMS orbit differences between Envisat DORIS-only and SLR & DORIS orbits are 1.1 cm radially, 6.4 cm along-track and 3.7 cm cross-track and are characterized by systematic along-track mean offsets due to the Envisat DORIS system time bias of ±5–10 μs. We obtain a good agreement between the geometrically-determined geocenter parameters and geocenter parameters determined dynamically from analysis of the degree one terms of the geopotential. The intrinsic RMS weekly position repeatability with respect to the IDS-3 combination ranges from 2.5 to 3.0 cm in 1993–1994 to 1.5 cm in 2007–2008.     

自寻优求解法建立涡轴发动机状态变量模型

采用自寻优求解法建立小偏差状态变量模型(SVM),即先任意给定A,B,C,D矩阵,然后根据发动机非线性模型与状态变量模型的小偏差动态响应对比直接寻优A,B,C,D矩阵.求解目的为使状态变量模型与非线性模型的小偏差动态响应吻合,因而应用该方法可以保证所建模型具有较高的精度.此外该方法不受模型阶次的限制.应用该方法建立了某型涡轴发动机的小偏差状态变量模型,通过与非线性模型仿真结果比较,验证了该方法的有效性和准确性,所建立的状态变量模型可用于航空发动机控制系统设计与故障诊断.      

基于半参数回归模型的批处理确定卫星轨道方法

由于卫星轨道观测数据中含有非线性影响因素,必然会降低定轨精度。在半参数 回归模型的基础上,应用小波阈值去噪算法估计并消除观测数据中存在的非线性影响因素, 提出了基于半参数回归模型的批处理确定卫星轨道的方法,以提高定轨精度;然后,在理论 上证明了在测量数据存在非线性影响因素的情形下,基于半参数回归模型的批处理确定卫星 轨道方法的定轨精度高于经典的批处理定轨精度;最后,对中低轨卫星应用批处理定轨进行 了仿真。结果表明：基于半参数回归模型的批处理确定卫星轨道方法分离出观测数据中的 白噪声和非线性影响因素,从而可以在观测数据中消除非线性影响因素,提高定轨的精度。     

带干扰补偿的挠性航天器变结构输出反馈控制

 研究了在控制量受限的情况下,挠性航天器的变结构输出反馈和干扰补偿的控制方法。在控制律的设计中,用变结构输出反馈控制来抑制挠性附件的振动,用扩展状态观测器对系统的不确定性和干扰力矩进行估计并给予实时补偿。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

固体推进剂受潮对其力学性能的影响

阐述了通过试验与理论分析得到的固体推进剂试件受潮后力学性能的变化规律;通过干燥措施可以恢复受潮试件的力学性能;给出了其恢复度并在此基础上分析了其湿度老化机理。     

Use of two-line element data for thermosphere neutral density model calibration

Traditional empirical thermospheric density models are widely used in orbit determination and prediction of low-Earth satellites. Unfortunately, these models often exhibit large density errors of up to around 30% RMS. Density errors translate into orbit errors, adversely affecting applications such as re-entry operations, manoeuvre planning, collision avoidance and precise orbit determination for geodetic missions. The extensive database of two-line element (TLE) orbit data contains a wealth of information on satellite drag, at a sufficiently high spatial and temporal resolution to allow a calibration of existing neutral density models with a latency of one to two days. In our calibration software, new TLE data for selected objects is converted to satellite drag data on a daily basis. The resulting drag data is then used in a daily adjustment of density model calibration parameters, which modify the output of an existing empirical density model with the aim of increasing its accuracy. Two different calibration schemes have been tested using TLE data for about 50 objects during the year 2000. The schemes involve either height-dependent scale factors to the density or corrections to CIRA-72 model temperatures, which affect the density output based on a physical model. Both schemes have been applied with different spherical harmonic expansions of the parameters in latitude and local solar time. Five TLE objects, varying in perigee altitude between 280 and 530 km, were deliberately not used during calibration, in order to provide independent validation. Even with a single daily parameter, the RMS density model error along their tracks can already be reduced from the 30% to the 15% level. Adding additional parameters results in RMS errors lower than 12%.     

基于预测滤波器的GPS姿态估计

采用预测滤波器,利用全球定位系统的双差相位观测量实现载体姿态估计。该方法对初值的选取具有鲁棒性,可以在天线和可见星较少的情况下快速收敛到姿态精确解。仿真结果显示,该方法的姿态估计结果可以与基于非线性最小二乘的姿态估计结果相比拟,且受初值的影响小;采用双差相位测量比采用单差相位测量可以得到更佳的姿态估计效果;当使用三基线的天线阵时,在飞行机动较大的情况下采用近似正交布局的天线结构可以更好地估计姿态。     

一种线性辨识系统动态模型的自寻优算法

基于静态特性已知的线性时变系统,通过对其动态响应数据的分析,建立了随时间跳变的动态参数模型,提出了一种新的线性自寻优辨识算法。该算法在静态特性约束条件下,可估计模型的跳变时刻及结构参数。经对某航空发动机电子综合调节器燃油通道动态过程参数模型辨识的实例,验证了该算法精确快速。      

一种双星定姿方法的误差分析

对一种双星定姿方法的误差进行了理论分析。该定姿方法用一个星敏 感器先后观测两颗导航星,并且对每颗导航星进行多次观测,以提高定姿精度。 本文对平台失调角估计误差的统计特性进行了分析,推导出了平台失调角估计 误差方差的表达式,给出了平台失调角估计误差与两颗导航星星矢量夹角β以 及观星次数N之间的关系,该结论对于工程实践中对β和N的选择具有指导意 义。