飞机粉末冶金摩擦材料未来发展的探讨

对比国内外,对中国的飞机粉末冶金摩擦材料的发展现状进行了描述,着重从工艺、环保、使用寿命、经济成本4个方面探讨了我国粉末冶金摩擦材料的未来发展方向。     

应力状态对磁记忆信号的影响

 通过对20#钢试件拉伸时表面磁场的在线测量和20#钢试件经过不同程度拉伸并卸载后的表面磁场的测量,研究应力状态对磁记忆信号的影响。20#钢进行拉伸试验时,在应力集中部位,当变形很小时磁场信号变化平缓;产生一定程度塑性变形后磁场信号变化相对剧烈;出现颈缩现象时磁场信号变化非常剧烈。经分析认为,磁记忆信号的变化与材料内部微观组织的状态有关,试件变形很小时,磁弹性效应对试件表面磁场的变化起主要作用;试件变形较大时,其表面磁场的变化主要受塑性变形区内位错聚集产生的微缺陷的影响。     

微小卫星剩磁在轨标定技术研究

 基于微小卫星姿态确定系统常采用无陀螺配置方案,克服环境干扰力矩的影响并提高微小卫星姿态确定的精度是此类姿态确定系统的关键。分析了星上稳定剩余磁场对无陀螺微小卫星姿态确定的干扰机理,建立了卫星剩余磁矩与磁强计偏置标定模型。以磁强计、太阳敏感器作为姿态敏感器件,并采用扩展卡尔曼滤波器实现标定算法,为无陀螺磁测微小卫星消除剩磁干扰,获得高精度姿态估计提供了一种新方法。仿真结果表明：该方法能准确估计卫星剩余磁矩与磁强计偏置,磁强计偏置的标定精度在1 nT左右,剩余磁矩的标定精度为0.000 1 A·m²量级,有效消除了剩磁对无陀螺卫星姿态确定的影响,显著提高了姿态确定精度,滤波器能在500 s内收敛。     

剥蚀对飞机机翼上蒙皮疲劳寿命的影响分析

剥蚀是影响老龄飞机机翼结构完整性的重要因素之一.文中基于材料的初始不连续状态(initial discontinuity state, IDS),建立了评估剥蚀对机翼上蒙皮疲劳寿命影响的模型,然后利用AFGROW计算了在以压应力为主导的等幅载荷谱作用下,机翼蒙皮针对不同腐蚀损伤程度时的疲劳寿命.还研究了多腐蚀损伤对机翼蒙皮疲劳寿命的影响,结果表明,相对于单腐蚀损伤,多腐蚀损伤大大降低结构的疲劳寿命,但其对剥蚀程度不敏感.与试验结果比较表明,该模型预测结果精确,方法可靠.     

航空发动机故障诊断的机载自适应模型

提出了复合拟合法建立状态变量模型,该方法应用于建立高维状态变量模型时,具有较高的精度.将健康参数作为增广的状态变量,设计了卡尔曼滤波器,从而可以根据可测参数的偏离量估计得到健康参数.为了减少自适应模型与真实发动机之间的建模误差,在自适应模型中加入神经网络对稳态基点模型进行修正,从而提高了故障诊断系统的置信度.      

基于基线长度加权的GNSS多天线姿态测量方法

GNSS可用于获取动态载体的姿态信息,为提高其姿态测量精度,提出一种基于基线长度信息对最小二乘姿态解算方法进行加权处理,改进了最小二乘姿态解算方法,同时通过船载实验验证了该方法的可用性。实验结果表明：在船载动态实验中,当基线长度存在明显差异时,加权最小二乘法较等权最小二乘法在精度上明显提高,其中横滚角的精度提高了13%。     

Angular velocity determination of spinning solar sails using only a sun sensor

The direction of the sun is the easiest and most reliable observation vector for a solar sail running in deep space exploration. This paper presents a new method using only raw measurements of the sun direction vector to estimate angular velocity for a spinning solar sail. In cases with a con-stant spin angular velocity, the estimation equation is formed based on the kinematic model for the apparent motion of the sun direction vector;the least-squares solution is then easily calculated. A performance criterion is defined and used to analyze estimation accuracy. In cases with a variable spin angular velocity, the estimation equation is developed based on the kinematic model for the apparent motion of the sun direction vector and the attitude dynamics equation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can quickly yield high-precision angular velocity estimates that are insensitive to certain measurement noises and modeling errors.     

单输入区间系统鲁棒稳定状态反馈设计

研究了用状态反馈使一个单输入区间系统鲁棒稳定的问题，利用Ｋｈａｒｉｔｏｎｏｖ定理构造出状态反馈并给出了一个简单的算法。     

Assessing the Risk of Orbital Debris Impact

A Space Debris Impact Risk Analysis Tool (SDIRAT) was developed and implemented to assess the orbital debris impact risk on a specified target in Earth orbit, in terms of flux, relative velocity, impact velocity, direction of the incoming particles, debris mass and diameter. Based on a deterministic approach, SDIRAT uses a realistic orbital debris population where each representative particle is identified by its rectangular coordinates (position and velocity) at a reference epoch. Using this information, some geometrical algorithms were developed and implemented to evaluate the contribution of each particle to the incoming flux. The position of the particle with respect to a specified target drives the selection criteria to reject, or select, it as a possible projectile. On the other hand, the relative velocity vector can be used to estimate the impact direction of the incoming flux. SDIRAT was conceived as a general tool for a variety of scenarios, such as low circular and elliptical orbits, up to the geosynchronous ring. This paper presents some examples of possible applications, including the computation of the incoming debris flux on SAX (low Earth orbit), SIRIO (geosynchronous orbit) and the IRIS upper stage (elliptical orbit). Other applications assess the impact risk for the Soviet Radar Ocean Reconnaissance Satellites Cosmos 1900 and Cosmos 1932.     

有控飞行器非线性气动模型结构的确定（Ⅱ）

针对非线性气动模型结构中必然存在的共线性问题，冲破传统模型结构确定方法的束缚，提出了基于共线性诊断和主元回归及主元分析筛选变量法进行非线性模型结构确定的新思想。有效地解决了非线性模型结构确定问题，进而首次讨论了本文给出的模型结构确定方法与最优输入设计及参数可辨识性三者间的关系。某型飞行器非线性气动模型的确定证明了本文方法的有效性。