基于3D Zernike矩的巡检器与空间站的相对导航算法

针对航天器相对导航问题,以空间站表面为"特殊地形",提出一种基于大型航天器表面巡检的相对导航算法。首先,运用巡检飞行器上的TOF （Time of Flight）相机测量空间站表面局部点云数据,以该点云数据为实时图,以空间站表面先验点云数据为基准图。然后,利用3D Zernike矩与三维地形间的一一对应关系,将三维地形匹配转化为基于3D Zernike矩的特征向量匹配。在此基础上求解实时图与匹配上的基准图间的相对位置、相对姿态,从而确定两航天器间的相对导航参数,并通过实验分析了匹配精度及速度的主要影响因素。最后,将该相对导航参数与惯性系统推算的相对导航参数在扩展卡尔曼滤波器的框架下实现信息融合,估计了巡检飞行器与空间站间的相对位置、相对姿态,实验结果表明,相对位置精度优于0.002 m,相对姿态精度优于0.1°。     

飞机可靠性分配方法研究

针对现行飞机工程研制可靠性分配中存在的数据量少、主观因素影响较大的问题,提出了一种融合灰色关联理论与考虑重要度和复杂度的可靠性分配方法。该方法首先统计多型飞机分系统的可靠性指标,并将其代入灰色关联方法中计算各分系统的重要度;然后统计飞机各系统重要和新研改进部件数,利用考虑重要度和复杂度的分配方法对飞机可靠性指标进行分配。以某型飞机为案例进行分析计算,结果表明,该方法简单有效,客观性强。     

Design of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears with reduced maximum tooth contact pressure and transmission errors

The aim of this study is to define optimal tooth modifications, introduced by appropriately chosen head-cutter geometry and machine tool setting, to simultaneously minimize tooth contact pressure and angular displacement error of the driven gear (transmission error) of face-hobbed spiral bevel gears. As a result of these modifications, the gear pair becomes mismatched, and a point contact replaces the theoretical line contact. In the applied loaded tooth contact analysis it is assumed that the point contact under load is spreading over a surface along the whole or part of the ’’potential’’ contact line. A computer program was developed to implement the formulation provided above. By using this program the influence of tooth modifications introduced by the variation in machine tool settings and in head cutter data on load and pressure distributions, transmission errors, and fillet stresses is investigated and discussed. The correlation between the ease-off obtained by pinion tooth modifications and the corresponding tooth contact pressure distribution is investigated and the obtained results are presented.     

Quality variation of GPS satellite clocks on-orbit using IGS clock products

Over 60% clocks on board of the GPS satellites are working longer than their designed life. Therefore realizing their stabilities in a long time scales is essential to GPS navigation and positioning plus IGS time scale maintaining. IGS clock products from 2001 to 2010 are used to analyze the GPS satellite clock qualities such as frequency stabilities and clock noise level. We find out that for the clocks of Block IIA satellites the frequency stabilities and clock noise are 10 times worse than that of the Block IIR and IIR-M satellites. Moreover, the linear relationships between frequency stabilities and clock residuals have been deduced with an accuracy of better than 0.02 ns. Specially, it is noticed that the clock of the PRN27 is instable and the relationship between the frequency stability and residuals is at least a quadratic curve. Therefore, we suggested that GPS satellite clocks should be weighted by their quality levels in application, and the observations of the Block IIA should not be used for real-time positioning which required precision better than one meter.     

椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的周期解与应用

在长期的航天器编队飞行中传统的基于线性相对运动模型设计编队保持轨道的方法会引起较多的燃料消耗.首先采用摄动法解析地求得了考虑二阶非线性项时椭圆轨道相对运动模型的周期性条件和周期解;然后以此周期解为参考轨道设计了基于Lyapunov稳定的PD保持控制律.仿真结果表明:基于椭圆轨道非线性相对运动模型的周期解较基于椭圆轨道线性相对运动模型的周期解,精度明显提高;以前者为参考轨道的保持控制与以后者为参考轨道的保持控制相比,燃耗明显降低.     

周向总压畸变条件下多级轴流压气机失速首发级预测分析

基于多级轴流压气机的逐级特性,发展了1种预测周向总压畸变条件下多级轴流压气机失速首发级的方法。该方法结合平行压气机模型和级叠加计算方法,以进气畸变条件下多级轴流压气机某级的有效相对气流角达到稳定状态时该级的最大相对气流角为条件,进行多级轴流压气机失速首发级的预测分析。通过对J85—13发动机8级轴流压气机总压畸变试验数据进行模拟计算,预测出该轴流压气机畸变条件下的失速首发级。     

Compact frequency standard using atoms trapped on a chip

We present a compact atomic frequency standard based on the interrogation of magnetically trapped ⁸⁷Rb atoms. Two photons, in the microwave and radiofrequency domain excite the atomic transition. At a magnetic field of 3.23 G this transition from ∣F = 1, m_F = −1〉 to ∣F = 2, m_F = 1〉 is 1st order insensitive to magnetic field variations. Long Ramsey interrogation times can thus be achieved, leading to a projected stability in the low 10⁻¹³ at 1 s. This makes this device a viable alternative to LITE and HORACE as a good candidate for replacing or complementing the rubidium frequency standards and passive hydrogen masers already on board of the GPS, GLONASS, and GALILEO satellites. Here we present preliminary results. We use an atom chip to cool and trap the atoms. A coplanar waveguide is integrated to the chip to carry the Ramsey interrogation signal, making the physics package potentially as small as (5 cm)³. We describe the experimental apparatus and show preliminary Ramsey fringes of 1.25 Hz linewidth. We also show a preliminary frequency stability σ_y = 1.5 × 10⁻¹²τ^−1/2 for 10 < τ < 10³ s. This represents one order of magnitude improvement with respect to previous experiments.     

一种提高卫星相对轨道运动全物理仿真逼真度的新方法

现有的卫星控制系统全物理仿真很少对卫星绕地球的轨道运动进行模拟,即使在卫星间相对轨道运动的全物理仿真中也没有考虑地心引力差和惯性力项的存在,因此其逼真度受到了影响.提出一种在共面圆轨道近距离卫星相对运动全物理仿真中引入地心引力差和惯性力项的方法,提高了物理仿真实验的逼真度.     

一种AMR磁罗盘的误差建模与校准方法

针对传统磁罗盘硬磁校准时容易受到外界干扰,标定校准为相对值的问题,详细分析了AMR(Anisotropic Magneto Resistance,各向异性磁阻效应)磁罗盘的系统误差并建立其误差模型,提出了标量校准方法用于磁罗盘的硬磁标定校准.与传统方法相比,该方法不需要确切的航向参考值,利用任意多位置下的大量测试数据通过迭代求取校准参数的最优解,通过施加约束避免校准过程中磁干扰的影响,并且校准值为绝对矢量.经过硬磁校准,磁罗盘航向精度提高7倍.实验结果验证了该方法的有效性和实用性.     

The effect of neglecting VLBI reference station clock offsets on UT1 estimates

Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) allows to monitor universal time (UT1) by conducting regular international experiments. Such dedicated observation networks are equipped with different hardware components, which require different processing strategies when the data are correlated. As the timing units at each stations are usually offset with respect to universal time (UTC) this effect should be considered during correlation processing. Thus, it is investigated how neglecting of these offsets theoretically impacts the estimation of UT1. Three different strategies for the proper handling of the timing offset will be discussed and their advantages/drawbacks will be pointed out. Moreover, it is studied how neglecting of these timing offsets affects UT1 time-series and how such a missing correction can be applied a posteriori. Although the discussed effect is for most of the UT1 experiments smaller than the formal error of the estimates, it is important to consider station clock offsets properly in next-generation VLBI systems, which are expected to improve accuracy of results by about one order of magnitude.