空间变化场景下卫星部组件域适应识别研究

针对小样本限制下卫星部组件识别域适应困难的问题,提出一种变化场景下自适应迁移的目标识别算法.卫星部组件的识别模型框架为YOLO,迁移算法包括3个策略:基于特征关联性的样本加权策略,基于模型的参数自适应策略和最优特征变换自适应迁移策略.基于以上策略,YOLO模型建立域特征空间的相似性,选择性地迁移源域知识,同时在适应过程...     

基于网络语言学习中心的公共英语口语辅助教学设计

为了推进高校公共英语教学,以国家示范性院校建设为契机,学院建立了英语语言学习中心,开始了结合网络自主学习概念的公共英语教学改革的尝试。英语口语教学作为公共英语教学的主要组成部分,主要是以基于网络语言自主学习的辅助教学展开设计方案。     

一种基于深度学习的交互式电话号码识别方法

物流、保险和中介服务等行业需要频繁地拨打电话,而人工拨打电话效率较低,高效的电话号码识别技术具有重要的应用价值。传统的印刷体数字识别方法存在人工设计特征过程复杂、识别字体单一等不足,难以满足实际应用需求。本文提出了一种基于深度学习的交互式的电话号码识别方法,通过鼠标双击图像中的电话号码,自动截取出包含此号码的目标区域,并进行灰度化、二值化、目标区域定位、字符分割和图片补白等预处理操作,在此基础上利用改进的LeNet-5卷积神经网络（CNN）自动学习图像特征,支持多种字体、字形和字号的印刷体数字识别,并利用交互式识别和内存池等方法提高识别速度。实验结果表明,单一字符的识别率为99.86%,整个号码的识别率为99.50%,整个号码平均识别时间为91 ms。本文方法识别精度高、识别速度快,具有较为广泛的应用前景。      

基于改进极限学习机的光谱定量建模方法

依据近红外光谱(NIR)产生原理,提出了粒子群优化极限学习机(PSO-ELM)算法,运用于小样本氨水浓度定量分析。通过优化极限学习机(ELM)隐藏节点参数,解决了极限学习机由于输入权值和隐含层偏差随机产生的建模结果具有随机性的问题,提高了预测模型的稳定性、精确度和泛化性能。经实验验证,优化后的PSO-ELM相比ELM,模型预测集均方根误差由0.01166减小至0.00322,预测集相关系数由0.9951提高至0.9979。将优化后的模型预测结果与支持向量机(SVM)、BP神经网络算法等传统方法的建模结果进行对比,优化后的PSO-ELM算法具有较高的精确度和良好的泛化性能,模型预测效果优于传统的定量回归分析算法。     

Imaginary filtered hindsight experience replay for UAV tracking dynamic targets in large-scale unknown environments

As an advanced combat weapon, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have been widely used in military wars. In this paper, we formulated the Autonomous Navigation Control (ANC) problem of UAVs as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and proposed a novel Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) method to allow UAVs to perform dynamic target tracking tasks in large-scale unknown environments. To solve the problem of limited training experience, the proposed Imaginary Filtered Hindsight Experience Replay (IFHER) generates successful episodes by reasonably imagining the target trajectory in the failed episode to augment the experiences. The well-designed goal, episode, and quality filtering strategies ensure that only high-quality augmented experiences can be stored, while the sampling filtering strategy of IFHER ensures that these stored augmented experiences can be fully learned according to their high priorities. By training in a complex environment constructed based on the parameters of a real UAV, the proposed IFHER algorithm improves the convergence speed by 28.99% and the convergence result by 11.57% compared to the state-of-the-art Twin Delayed Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (TD3) algorithm. The testing experiments carried out in environments with different complexities demonstrate the strong robustness and generalization ability of the IFHER agent. Moreover, the flight trajectory of the IFHER agent shows the superiority of the learned policy and the practical application value of the algorithm.     

基于深度强化学习的无人机栖落机动控制策略设计

无人机栖落机动飞行是一种无需跑道的降落方法，能够提升无人机在复杂环境下执行任务的适应能力。针对具有高非线性、多约束特性的无人机栖落机动过程，提出了一种基于模仿深度强化学习的控制策略设计方法。首先，建立了固定翼无人机栖落机动的纵向非线性动力学模型，并设计了无人机栖落机动的强化学习环境。其次，针对栖落机动状态动作空间大的特点，为了提高探索效率，通过模仿专家经验的方法对系统进行预训练。然后，以模仿学习得到的权重为基础，采用近端策略优化方法学习构建无人机栖落机动的神经网络控制器。最后，通过仿真验证了上述控制策略设计方法的有效性。     

一种无人机自主避障与目标追踪方法

针对无人机自主避障与目标追踪问题，以深度Q网络(DQN)算法为基础，提出一种多经验池深度Q网络(MP DQN)算法，使无人机避障与追踪的成功率和算法的收敛性得到优化。更进一步，赋予无人机环境感知能力，并在奖励函数中设计了方向奖惩函数，提升了无人机对环境的泛化能力以及算法的整体性能。仿真结果表明，相较于DQN和双重DQN(DDQN)算法，MP DQN算法具有更快的收敛速度、更短的追踪路径和更强的环境适应性。     

Force measurement using strain-gauge balance in shock tunnel based on deep learning

When a force test is conducted in a shock tunnel, vibration of the Force Measurement System (FMS) is excited under the strong flow impact, and it cannot be attenuated rapidly within the extremely short test duration of milliseconds order. The output signal of the force balance is coupled with the aerodynamic force and the inertial vibration. This interference can result in inaccurate force measurements, which can negatively impact the accuracy of the test results. To eliminate inertial vibration interference from the output signal, proposed here is a dynamic calibration modeling method for an FMS based on deep learning. The signal is processed using an intelligent Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) model in the time domain and an intelligent Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model in the frequency domain. Results processed with the intelligent models show that the inertial vibration characteristics of the FMS can be identified efficiently and its main frequency is about 380 Hz. After processed by the intelligent models, the inertial vibration is mostly eliminated from the output signal. Also, the data processing results are subjected to error analysis. The relative error of each component is about 1%, which verifies that the modeling method based on deep learning has considerable engineering application value in data processing for pulse-type strain-gauge balances. Overall, the proposed dynamic calibration modeling method has the potential to improve the accuracy and reliability of force measurements in shock tunnel tests, which could have significant implications for the field of aerospace engineering.     

考虑移动目标不确定行为方式的轨迹预测方法

针对现有方法难以预测出符合飞行移动目标不确定行为方式轨迹的问题,提出基于逆强化学习的飞行移动目标轨迹预测方法,通过学习目标行为偏好以及模拟目标行为决策过程的方式预测目标的移动轨迹。首先基于深度神经网络建立目标的行为决策模型与行为偏好模型,然后通过最大熵逆强化学习方法交替地学习模型参数。为了有效地学习目标的不确定行为特征,采用监督学习的方法学习出目标示例轨迹概率分布模型,用于指导目标行为偏好模型的训练以及初始化目标行为决策模型,同时通过对目标行为偏好模型进行预训练的方式提高其训练质量。仿真结果表明,提出的飞行移动目标轨迹预测方法可通过学习到的目标行为决策模型较为准确地模拟目标的行为方式,预测的目标轨迹分布与真实的目标轨迹分布在Kullback Leibler(KL)散度下的相似度可达0.24。     

基于深度学习的非合作航天器姿态估计

针对空间非合作航天器姿态测量时受光照和地球背景影响大的问题,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的端到端姿态估计方法.在该方法中,主干网络采用AlexNet与ResNet.首先,移除主干网络末端的全连接层,并列连接3个全连接层,采用三分支网络分别对姿态角进行估计.然后,设计了将分类问题与回归问题相结合的损失函数,通过分类方法将姿态估计限定在某一范围内,再使用回归方法进一步微调姿态.姿态分类损失函数确定姿态角度基准点,姿态回归损失函数对估计角度进行微调.相较于仅采用回归方法进行姿态估计,此方法能够有效减小姿态估计平均绝对误差、标准差与最大误差.实验对比了不同主干网络的测量精度,平均绝对误差在0.376°～0.746°之间,最优标准差为0.474°.