航空发动机叶片表面损伤与检测研究进展

航空发动机叶片的工作环境极其恶劣,表面会出现各种类型的损伤。在损伤早期进行表面检测能够有效预防因损伤扩展导致的叶片失效断裂。发动机叶片表面损伤的检测和评估主要由人工操作,严重依赖工作经验,但人工检测不仅效率低下,而且检测结果容易受到人为因素的影响。为了高效、高精度地检测发动机叶片表面损伤,从叶片失效形式出发,综述了发动机叶片在停放和运行2种状态下的损伤机理,并重点阐述了涡流检测、渗透检测等常用于叶片表面损伤检测的方法。总结了基于机器视觉的检测技术,分析机器视觉检测面临数据集稀缺和单一性的挑战,认为收集大量数据并进一步完善评估标准是未来发动机叶片表面损伤检测系统研究的重点方向。     

A mesh optimization method using machine learning technique and variational mesh adaptation

Computational mesh is an important ingredient that affects the accuracy and efficiency of CFD numerical simulation. In light of the introduced large amount of computational costs for many adaptive mesh methods, moving mesh methods keep the number of nodes and topology of a mesh unchanged and do not increase CFD computational expense. As the state-of-the-art moving mesh method, the variational mesh adaptation approach has been introduced to CFD calculation. However, quickly estimating the flow fi...     

SLFM网络及其学习算法的改进

介绍了一种新型的人工神经网络--有监督线性特征映射(SLFM)网络,它综合了BP网络的可监督性和SOM网络算法简单的优点,具有学习速度快、精度高、扩展能力较强的优点.文中讨论了SLFM网络的拓扑结构和学习机制,并对网络的学习算法进行了改进,对比实验表明,改进后的SLFM网络其性能得到了进一步的提高.     

神经网络理论在微分对策中的应用

阐述了微分对策理论在实际应用中存在的问题,并从动态冲突的实际过程出发,将神经网络理论与分层式智能控制理论相结合,来模型化微分对策问题.将微分对策的双向优化问题转化成基于神经网络理论的目标机动性辨识和单向优化控制问题,将微分对策的定性与定量结合起来,为有效加入人的经验提供了一种技术途径.并采用自适应分布式学习速率,大大提高了神经网络的学习速度和精度.     

职业院校学生终身学习能力的培养策略研究

分析了终身学习的内涵与内容,提出培养职业院校学生终身学习能力的必要性,并提出了切实可行的提高职业院校学生终身学习能力的具体措施。     

Modeling M(3000)F2 based on extreme learning machine

This paper presents an novel extreme learning machine (ELM)-based prediction model for the ionospheric propagation factor M(3000)F2 at Darwin station (12.4°S, 131.5°E; −44.5°dip) in Australia. The proposed ELM model is trained with hourly daily values of M(3000)F2 from the period 1998–2014 except 2001 and 2009. The hourly daily values of 2001 (high solar activity) and 2009 (low solar activity) are used for validating the prediction accuracy. The proposed ELM for modeling M(3000)F2 can achieve faster training process and similar testing accuracy compared with backward propagation neural network (BPNN). In addition, the performance of the ELM is verified by comparing the predicted values of M(3000)F2 with observed values and the international reference ionosphere (IRI −2016) model predicted values. Based on the error differences (the root mean square error (RMSE) and the M(3000)F2 percentage improvement values M(3000)F2_IMP(%)), the result demonstrates the effectiveness of the ELM model compared with the IRI-2016 model at hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly in high (2001) and low (2009) solar activity years. The ELM also shows good agreement with observations compared with the IRI during disturbed magnetic activity.     

基于ADRC迭代学习控制的四旋翼无人机姿态控制

针对农用无人机超低空表型遥感和喷药精准悬停易受地效扰动问题，提出了一种自适应ADRC姿态控制器。首先设计了基于ADRC的姿态控制器，结合四旋翼无人机平台在0.9~1.1、1.1~1.3、1.4~1.6、2.0~2.4、2.5~2.9、3.3~3.6 m/s侧向水平风、0.9~1.1 m/s （11°）、1.1~1.3 m/s （13°）、1.4~1.6 m/s （18°）、1.8~2.0 m/s （18°）、2.1~2.5 m/s （18°）前俯向风和侧俯向风下进行干扰的预测和控制量的补偿实验。实验结果显示使用ADRC姿态控制器后无人机抗风性能有较大提升。然而在存在初始误差时，ADRC固定带宽无法满足要求，进一步设计了自适应ADRC姿态控制器（ILC-ADRC）。通过迭代学习控制在线优化自抗扰控制器带宽，实现了不同增益观测器的自适应整定。实验结合四旋翼无人机平台分别进行了机头实际方向与期望方向偏离55°、90°、180°，水平风速1.1~1.3、1.4~1.6、2.0~2.4、2.5~2.9 m/s下使用ADRC和ILC-ADRC的对比。实验结果显示采用ILC-ADRC姿态控制器，在150次控制周期内，偏航角误差均在-15°~15°之间，满足四旋翼无人机偏航角控制精度要求，同时调节时间分别缩短了40%，16.67%，12.5%，53.33%，10.34%，13.95%，27.27%，58.66%，11.86%。     

黎曼几何在计算机视觉中的应用研究进展

在计算机视觉领域，许多任务相关数据具有非欧结构，近年来基于黎曼几何的数据表征与应用研究受到了越来越多的关注。如何充分利用数据的几何结构，来提高目标识别、目标跟踪及目标检测算法的性能，是其中的一些研究热点。本文主要从三个方面介绍黎曼流形在计算机视觉中的应用研究进展。首先，从数学基本概念出发，阐述黎曼流形与图像的关系以及视觉应用的可行性，并介绍计算机视觉中具有重要应用的几种黎曼流形。其次，对黎曼流形在计算机视觉中若干常见应用进行了概述，重点介绍了与深度学习相结合的相关进展。最后，对引入黎曼流形的机器学习方法的未来发展进行了分析和讨论。     

Weighted marginal fisher analysis with spatially smooth for aircraft recognition

Due to limitations to extract invariant features for recognition when the aircraft presents various poses and lacks enough samples for training, a novel algorithm called Weighted Marginal Fisher Analysis with Spatially Smooth （WMFA-SS） for extracting invariant features in aircraft rec- ognition is proposed. According to the Graph Embedding （GE） framework, Heat Kernel function is firstly introduced to characterize the interclass separability when choosing the weights of penalty graph. Furthermore, Laplacian penalty is applied to constraining the coefficients to be spatially smooth in this algorithm. Laplacian penalty is able to incorporate the prior information that neigh- boring pixels are correlated. Besides, using a Laplacian penalty can also avoid the singularity of Laplacian matrix of intrinsic graph. Once compact representations of the images are obtained, it can be considered as invariant features and then be performed in classification to recognize different patterns of aircraft. Real aircraft recognition experiments show the superiority of our proposed WMFA-SS in comparison to other GE algorithms and the current aircraft recognition algorithm; the accuracy rate of our proposed method is 90.00% for dataset BH-AIR1.0 and 99.25% for dataset BH-AIR2.0.