Capturability of 3D RTPN guidance law against true-arbitrarily maneuvering target with maneuverability limitation

The capturability of the Three-Dimensional(3D) Realistic True Proportional Navigation(RTPN) guidance law is thoroughly analyzed. The true-arbitrarily maneuvering target is considered, which maneuvers along an arbitrary direction in 3D space with an arbitrary but upperbounded acceleration. The whole nonlinear relative kinematics between the interceptor and target is taken into account. First, the upper-bound of commanded acceleration of 3D RTPN is deduced,using a novel Lyapunov-like approach. Sec...     

Solar magnetic feature detection and tracking for space weather monitoring

We present an automated system for detecting, tracking, and cataloging emerging active regions throughout their evolution and decay using SOHO Michelson Doppler Interferometer (MDI) magnetograms. The SolarMonitor Active Region Tracking (SMART) algorithm relies on consecutive image differencing to remove both quiet-Sun and transient magnetic features, and region-growing techniques to group flux concentrations into classifiable features. We determine magnetic properties such as region size, total flux, flux imbalance, flux emergence rate, Schrijver’s R-value, R^∗ (a modified version of R), and Falconer’s measurement of non-potentiality. A persistence algorithm is used to associate developed active regions with emerging flux regions in previous measurements, and to track regions beyond the limb through multiple solar rotations. We find that the total number and area of magnetic regions on disk vary with the sunspot cycle. While sunspot numbers are a proxy to the solar magnetic field, SMART offers a direct diagnostic of the surface magnetic field and its variation over timescale of hours to years. SMART will form the basis of the active region extraction and tracking algorithm for the Heliophysics Integrated Observatory (HELIO).     

高负荷低压涡轮时序效应数值模拟与试验验证

为了研究上下游叶片的相位对低压涡轮流动的影响机理，使用商用 CFX 软件进行数值模拟，并辅以试验校核。选取了 0°和180°2个流动相差较大的相位，分析边界层分离与转捩、边界层积分参数，对吸力面的载荷系数、壁面剪力、附面层形状因子及 动量厚度等进行对比，并从边界层的瞬态流动分析着手，在1个尾迹扫掠周期内对Klebanoff条纹、K-H涡等结构进行分析。结果 表明：不同相位的流动特性差异主要取决于势流的压力扰动与速度扰动的相位，这将决定尾迹诱导转捩与寂静区之间的主导关 系。当压力扰动与速度扰动同相时，寂静区处于逆压梯度逐渐增强的阶段，保持层流的能力被削弱；反之当二者异相时寂静区强 度较大，尾迹诱导转捩带来的湍流损失可以被寂静区平衡。通过瞬态分析可知，0°相位尾迹诱导全展向K-H涡的卷起，全展向涡 的破碎会带来较大的能量耗散，且其诱导的Klebanoff条纹强度较大，二者共同作用使得尾缘动量损失较大。     

CRISTA-NF measurements of water vapor during the SCOUT-O3 Tropical Aircraft Campaign

The new remote sensing experiment CRISTA-NF (Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere – New Frontiers) successfully participated in the SCOUT-O3 Tropical Aircraft Campaign in November and December 2005. CRISTA-NF operated aboard the high-altitude research aircraft M-55 Geophysica. Mid-infrared spectra (4–15 μm) were measured in the limb sounding geometry with high spatial resolution (250 m vertical sampling, 5–15 km along track sampling). Measurements were carried out during transfer flights between Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, and Darwin, Australia, as well as during several local flights near Darwin. Water vapor volume mixing ratios in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere were derived from the CRISTA-NF radiance measurements by utilizing a rapid radiative transfer forward model and the optimal estimation retrieval approach. CRISTA-NF water vapor measurements below the hygropause have a total retrieval error of 15–40% (i.e. root mean square of accuracy and precision). The systematic terms are dominating in the retrieval error budget. The contributions of a priori information to the retrieval results are less than 5–10%. The vertical resolution of the observations is about 250–500 m when permitted by instrument sampling. In this paper we present first results for three transfer flights of the campaign. Being generally in good agreement with corresponding ECMWF operational analyzes, the CRISTA-NF measurements show significantly higher variability and local structures in the upper tropospheric water vapor distributions.     

飞机最优巡航条件的确定

续航性能是飞机的主要战术技术指标之一。从飞机巡航段航程的基本公式出发，利用导数求极值的性质，推导出确定飞机巡航爬升和平流层内最佳巡航条件的方程，证明了最优巡航马赫数出现在飞机阻力增加区段，最优巡航高度存在于飞机阻力最小处。最后以某型飞机的巡航爬升条件和平流层平飞最优马赫数和高度的确定作为算例，说明用此方法确定飞机巡航条件，将使飞机获得最大航程。     

大气层内动能拦截弹的变增益鲁棒姿控系统设计研究

当调度参数快速变化时,基于传统方法设计的系统可能会变得不稳定。针对这个原理缺陷,应用变增益鲁棒控制理论设计参数较快变化的动能拦截弹。首先建立了导弹动力学模型,然后介绍并推证了基于状态反馈的二次H∞性能稳定定理,为了保证闭环系统具有满意的动态性能,引入了闭环极点区域配置技术,最后的仿真表明,该方法具有良好的跟踪切换能力,预期的动态响应能力并可保证系统全局稳定。     

Furthering our understanding of electrostatic solitary waves through Cluster multispacecraft observations and theory

Nonlinear isolated electrostatic solitary waves (ESWs) are observed routinely at many of Earth’s major boundaries by the Wideband Data (WBD) plasma wave receivers that are mounted on the four Cluster satellites. The current study discusses two aspects of ESWs: their characteristics in the magnetosheath, and their propagation in the magnetosheath and in the auroral acceleration (upward current) region. The characteristics (amplitude and time duration) of ESWs detected in the magnetosheath are presented for one case in which special mutual impedance tests were conducted allowing for the determination of the density and temperature of the hot and cold electrons. These electron parameters, together with those from the ion experiment, were used as inputs to an electron acoustic soliton model as a consideration for the generation of the observed ESWs. The results from this model showed that negative potential ESWs of a few Debye lengths (10–50 m) could be generated in this plasma. Other models of ESW generation are discussed, including beam instabilities and spontaneous generation out of turbulence. The results of two types of ESW propagation (in situ and remote sensing) studies are also presented. The first involves the propagation of bipolar type ESWs from one Cluster spacecraft to another in the magnetosheath, thus obtaining the velocity and size of the solitary structures. The structures were found to be very flat, with large scale perpendicular to the magnetic field (>40 km) and small scale parallel to the field (<1 km). These results were then discussed in terms of various models which predict such flat structures to be generated. The second type of propagation study uses striated Auroral Kilometric Radiation (SAKR) bursts, observed on multiple Cluster satellites, as tracers of ion solitary waves in the upward current region. The results of all studies discussed here (pulse characteristics and ESW velocity, lifetime, and size) are compared to in situ measurements previously made on one spacecraft and to theoretical predictions for these quantities, where available. The primary conclusion drawn from the propagation studies is that the multiple spacecraft technique allows us to better assess the stability (lifetime) of ESWs, which can be as large as a few seconds, than can be achieved with single satellites.     

Hill区域内基于推广的Poincaré映射的低能逃逸/捕捉轨道

给出了Hill区域内基于推广的Poincare映射的低能逃逸轨道的计算.文中的推广的Poincare映射需要在相空间中选取两个(而非一个)与流相截的面,即将包含某个天平动点的截面通过轨道来映射到近拱点的通道面上的,在数值上通过总变差减小的Runge-Kutta方法来实现两个相面之间的映射.捕捉轨道则可由Hill三体模型的对称性直接导出.最后,关于Rhea的二维、三维的逃逸和捕捉轨道的仿真结果验证了该方法的精度和鲁棒性.     

远距离支援干扰下的目标跟踪技术

针对远距离支援干扰下雷达较难检测到干扰机掩护区域内的目标,其他区域内目标航迹不稳定的问题,提出了噪声干扰下的PF-TBD(Particle Filter based Track Before Detect)算法和门限自适应的MHT(Multiple Hypothesis Tracking)算法,并将这两种算法进行整合,使其能够根据雷达探测区域受干扰的程度选取相应的算法.研究了不同雷达探测区域内目标的航迹管理.仿真表明,此方法充分整合了两种算法的优点,提高了20%以上的雷达探测区域范围,兼顾了算法的时效性,同时该方法对干扰是否存在具有较强的适应性,对远距离支援干扰或其他压制干扰下目标跟踪具有一定的理论参考意义和实际应用价值.      

火星空间大尺度电流体系分布特征

在MHD模型基础上, 对火星空间环境的电流分布进行了模拟. 结果表明, 火星空间存在着弓激波电流、磁堆积区电流、电离层电流和磁尾电流. 弓激波电流在激波曲面上均由北向南自成体系, 电流密度在弓激波顶区域较大. 在向阳面磁堆积区边界电流与电离层电流彼此耦合形成完整的回路, 在背阳面磁堆积区边界电流与磁尾中心电流片耦合形成完整的回路.