高超声速滑翔飞行器摆动式机动突防弹道设计

 为提高大升阻比高超声速滑翔飞行器机动突防能力,提出了一种侧向摆动式机动弹道的设计方法。基于动态逆的思想,建立了侧向摆动式机动弹道的弹道形式和所需倾侧角间的关系模型;在平衡滑翔假设下,将包括动压、过载和热流在内的飞行约束转化为迎角约束,从而确定了迎角-速度飞行走廊;在此基础上,设计了平衡滑翔情况下满足侧向摆动式机动及飞行约束所需的迎角变化规律。根据所设计的迎角和倾侧角,即可实现平衡滑翔情况下预定机动模式的侧向机动。以HTV(Hypersonic Technology Vehicle)为例进行仿真分析,结果表明该方法能够快速设计出预定机动幅度和机动频率的侧向摆动式机动突防弹道。     

固体运载火箭捷联惯导快速水平对准研究

传统的水平对准由于采用了复杂的滤波环节,需要较长的时间来完成水平对准工作,难以满足固体运载火箭捷联惯导快速水平对准的需求。为了满足固体运载火箭的快速发射需求,研究了一种基于导航方式的快速水平对准方法,仿真结果表明,该方法能够在〖WTBZ〗15s内完成捷联惯导的水平对准工作,并且能够克服运载火箭扰动环境对水平对准精度的影响。     

带有执行器约束条件的模糊自适应反步控制

针对高超声速飞行器在飞行控制过程中存在外界干扰以及考虑执行器的动态特性等问题,结合飞行器纵向模型的特点,考虑舵的动态特性,分别设计了基于动态逆的速度控制器和基于指令滤波器采用Backstepping控制方法的高度控制器。模糊自适应系统用来在线辨识飞行器模型由于气动参数的变化而引起的不确定性。运用Lyapunov理论分析闭环系统的稳定性,证明了包含跟踪误差在内的所有信号满足半全局一致稳定。最后通过仿真对控制器的控制效果进行验证,得到了较为满意的控制效果。     

水下航行体通气空泡温度测量

高温高速燃气形成的通气空泡对水下航行体的降阻降载具有明显效果,其温度测量对研究通气空泡的动力学特性具有重要的价值。文章进行了温度传感器设计、热电偶信号放大器设计、地面静态测试和水下动态测试,结果表明,设计研制的超小型热电偶解决了高温高速燃气下的抗冲刷和电离子干扰问题,成功测得静态与动态条件下通气空泡内的温度变化,为水下航行体通气空泡的研究提供了试验数据采集的依据。     

基于Newton迭代滚动时域估计的GPS/SINS紧组合导航技术

随着智能设备的普及,使用手机为汽车进行导航越来越普遍。目前,手机内置的惯性测量单元成本低廉、导航精度低,且常使用松组合,而应用GPS/SINS紧组合导航技术可提高导航的精度及可用性。通过将基于Newton迭代的梯度下降算法与滚动时域估计相结合,手机内置GPS与陀螺加速度计构成紧组合导航系统,可提高在复杂环境中的导航精度。传统Kalman滤波方法未能充分考虑到紧组合导航系统的非线性特性,而滚动时域估计通过参考多时刻导航信息,可更有效地排除非线性因素对系统的干扰,并通过实验验证了此方法。实验结果表明,相比采用扩展Kalman滤波,基于Newton迭代时域估计算法的紧组合导航系统的导航位置精度及速度精度均获得了较大提高。     

Three-dimensional path planning for unmanned aerial vehicle based on interfered fluid dynamical system

This paper proposes a method for planning the three-dimensional path for low-flying unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) in complex terrain based on interfered fluid dynamical system(IFDS) and the theory of obstacle avoidance by the flowing stream. With no requirement of solutions to fluid equations under complex boundary conditions, the proposed method is suitable for situations with complex terrain and different shapes of obstacles. Firstly, by transforming the mountains, radar and anti-aircraft fire in complex terrain into cylindrical, conical, spherical, parallelepiped obstacles and their combinations, the 3D low-flying path planning problem is turned into solving streamlines for obstacle avoidance by fluid flow. Secondly, on the basis of a unified mathematical expression of typical obstacle shapes including sphere, cylinder, cone and parallelepiped, the modulation matrix for interfered fluid dynamical system is constructed and 3D streamlines around a single obstacle are obtained. Solutions to streamlines with multiple obstacles are then derived using weighted average of the velocity field. Thirdly, extra control force method and virtual obstacle method are proposed to deal with the stagnation point and the case of obstacles’ overlapping respectively. Finally, taking path length and flight height as sub-goals, genetic algorithm(GA) is used to obtain optimal 3D path under the maneuverability constraints of the UAV. Simulation results show that the environmental modeling is simple and the path is smooth and suitable for UAV. Theoretical proof is also presented to show that the proposed method has no effect on the characteristics of fluid avoiding obstacles.     

Longitudinal parameter identification of a small unmanned aerial vehicle based on modified particle swarm optimization

This paper describes a longitudinal parameter identification procedure for a small unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)through modified particle swam optimization(PSO).The procedure is demonstrated using a small UAV equipped with only an micro-electro-mechanical systems(MEMS)inertial measuring element and a global positioning system(GPS)receiver to provide test information.A small UAV longitudinal parameter mathematical model is derived and the modified method is proposed based on PSO with selective particle regeneration(SRPSO).Once modified PSO is applied to the mathematical model,the simulation results show that the mathematical model is correct,and aerodynamic parameters and coefficients of the propeller can be identified accurately.Results are compared with those of PSO and SRPSO and the comparison shows that the proposed method is more robust and faster than the other methods for the longitudinal parameter identification of the small UAV.Some parameter identification results are affected slightly by noise,but the identification results are very good overall.Eventually,experimental validation is employed to test the proposed method,which demonstrates the usefulness of this method.     

Detached-eddy simulation of supersonic flow past a spike-tipped blunt nose

Space vehicle in atmosphere travels mostly at supersonic speed and generates a very strong bow shockwave around its blunt nose. Oblique shock and conical separated flow zone generated by a forward disk-tip spike significantly reduce the drag by reducing the high pressure area on the blunt nose. This study employs improved delayed detached eddy simulation to investigate the characteristic flow structures around a spike-tipped blunt nose at Mach number of 3 and Reynolds number(based on the blunt-body diameter) of 2.72x10~8. The calculated time-averaged quantities agree well with experimental data. Characteristic frequencies in different flow regions are extracted using fast Fourier transform. It is found that two distinct instability modes exist: oscillation mode and pulsation mode. The former is related to the foreshock/turbulence interaction with nondimensional frequency at around 0.004. The latter corresponds to the interaction between turbulence and shock structures around the blunt nose, with a typical coherent structure shedding frequency at 0.092.     

充气式再入飞行器柔性热防护系统的发展状况

讨论了充气式再入飞行器对柔性热防护系统的具体要求，归纳了柔性热防护系统设计的一般准则。概述了柔性热防护系统在充气式再入飞行器中的应用现状，并指出在多层隔热毡(MLI)外表敷设耐高温涂层是柔性热防护系统的理想方案。介绍了柔性热防护系统的材料技术，指出轻质、柔性和耐高温是柔性热防护材料的主要特征，并建议在充气式再入飞行器的总体设计过程中采用Nextel312作为主要候选材料来完成相应的热防护设计。     

喷流控制飞行器气动参数辨识方法研究

研究了喷流控制飞行器的气动建模与参数估计方法,以某飞船返回舱飞行试验为例,通过辨识得到了返回舱再入过程中的气动导数、喷流力矩放大系数等重要气动参数。该方法是研究喷流干扰效应的一种有效途径,辨识结果有助于提高返回舱姿态控制的准确度。