冗余惯组故障检测与隔离的广义似然比解耦矩阵构造新方法

冗余惯组可提高运载火箭制导系统的可靠性,惯性器件发生故障会污染导航信息,需要进行在线故障检测和隔离。面对安装矩阵一定的成套冗余捷联惯组,使用Potter算法构造解耦矩阵的广义似然比故障检测方法,无法检测并隔离特定轴故障,提出选择正交投影矩阵的极大无关组来构造解耦矩阵,采用全数字仿真对改进方法进行验证。结果表明,新方法克服了成套惯组同轴共基座安装时某个轴向无法故障检测的问题,且故障检测性能没有降低。该方法为运载火箭制导系统在线故障检测技术提供了一种新思路。     

MEMS冗余惯组小幅值故障检测的PCA算法设计和优化

当组成冗余惯组的陀螺为MEMS陀螺,而故障又为幅值比较小的阶跃故障时(仿真发现,阶跃故障幅值为陀螺噪声方差的10倍左右大小时),使用以往的PCA故障检验方法,陀螺噪声会造成故障检测的困难.针对这种情况,提出了MEMS冗余惯组小幅值故障检测的PCA(Principal Component Analysis)算法设计和优化的方法,在以往PCA算法的基础上结合假设检验算法,考虑了陀螺噪声的影响,降低了MEMS陀螺噪声对故障检测的影响.通过仿真验证,证实了本文算法比以往PCA算法具有更高的检测准确性和灵敏度,这对于提高整个系统的可靠性具有重要意义.     

昆虫尺度微型仿生飞行器的研究

微型仿生飞行器的研究涉及仿生学原理、准稳态气动力和原理样机的研制等。概述了上海交通大学针对昆虫尺度的微型仿生飞行器的新颖的设计和加工方法。该方法确保了零部件空间位置的合理安排,从而减少了零部件的装配难度。具体来说,压电驱动器的设计考虑了电气隔离和装配问题;传动机构与机身整合成一个部件,避免了相互之间的装配。翅脉的纤维方向进行了合理的布置,使得翅膀拥有高强度和高刚度。最终,研制的压电驱动微型仿生飞行器重84mg,翼展35mm,在100Hz的拍打共振频率下可以产生±60°的拍打角度,能产生足够的升力实现起飞。     

余度管理中故障监控门限值的选取

本文讨论了余度管理中故障监控门限值的选取。门限值的选取对监控系统性能有很大影响。本文通过分析的方法求门限值的最优值。该方法具有一定的准确性,可以作为实际选取门限值的参考。     

压电桁架结构动力学建模与振动控制

考虑叠层压电陶瓷主动杆件的机电耦合效应，建立了压电桁架结构机电耦合有限元动力学模型，给出结构系统检测方程，并分析其动态特性，除位移模态外，得到了系统电势模态。采用独立模态空间控制方法对结构振动进行控制，并进行压电主动杆件的多目标最优配置，除控制能量最小化外，对非控模态的控制溢出和观测溢出最小化是另外两个优化配置目标函数，算例表明分析方法的有效性和可行性。     

磁通综合式余度舵机系统电流均衡的研究

讨论了磁通综合式余度舵机系统电流均衡的设计问题。基于实现解耦的电流均衡设计,消除了通道间的“电流纷争”。其结论适用于其它磁通综合式余度电液伺服系统     

基于冗余驱动的大姿态角并联机构优化设计

分析了并联机构的姿态空间,指出了影响姿态空间的因素为物理约束和奇异约束2类,并且分别从这2个方面给出了扩大姿态空间相应的解决方案.以3PRS(Prismatic Revolve Spherical)并联机构为例,提出了采用新的铰链形式和增加冗余UPS(Universal Prismatic Spherical)支链来增大姿态空间的方法,详细描述了动平台能够实现在各个方向90°偏转的机构设计过程,并基于遗传算法以机构整个姿态空间中的灵活度为目标对机构进行了优化.优化的结果通过仿真证实了可靠性,这对于进一步扩大并联机构的应用范围提供参考.      

Design of Electrical/Mechanical Hybrid 4-Redundancy Brushless DC Torque Motor

This article presents a novel electrical/mechanical hybrid 4-redundancy brushless DC torque motor (BLDCM), which has found applications in direct drive actuators (DDA) of aerial vehicles. This motor is characteristic of electrical/mechanical hybrid 4-redundancy by securing two stators along with two rotors on the same shaft. Each stator contains two sets of windings embedded in separated slots. Furthermore, compared to the scheme of two electrical dual-redundancy BLDCMs linked by a mechanical transmission, the proposed motor has lower volume and lighter weight, eliminates the nonlinearity caused by the gap of the mechanical transmission, moderates the requirement for the torque balance between redundancies and reduces the cogging torque by shifting the magnets. Both magnetic circuit calculation and the finite element analysis (FEA) of the electromagnetic field are conducted to optimize the design process. A prototype motor has been produced and tested. The results indicate that its performances comply with the requirements presented by designers. Moreover, the position frequency response of the prototype in the DDA's unloaded situation has also demonstrated the fulfillment of desired dynamic characteristics.     

Independent modal variable structure fuzzy active vibration control of thin plates laminated with photostrictive actuators

Photostrictive actuators can produce photodeformation strains under illumination of ultraviolet lights. They can realize non-contact micro-actuation and vibration control for elastic plate structures. Considering the switching actuation and nonlinear dynamic characteristics of photostrictive actuators, a variable structure fuzzy active control scheme is presented to control the light intensity applied to the actuators. Firstly, independent modal vibration control equations of photoelectric laminated plates are established based on modal analysis techniques. Then, the optimal light switching function is derived to increase the range of sliding modal area, and the light intensity self-adjusting fuzzy active controller is designed. Meanwhile, a continuous function is applied to replace a sign function to reduce the variable structure control (VSC) chattering. Finally, numerical simulation is carried out, and simulation results indicate that the proposed control strategy provides better performance and control effect to plate actuation and control than velocity feedback control, and suppresses vibration effectively.     

空间冗余度机器人混沌自运动研究

建立了空间自由飘浮冗余度机器人的模型和运动学方程,分析了其Jacobian矩阵,得出相应的运动学逆解,通过仿真验证了空间自由飘浮冗余度机器人自运动中存在混沌运动,利用混沌分析的直接观察法、时间历程法、相图法和poincare映射法,对一个空间3R刚性冗余度机器人,采用PD控制器控制其末端执行器重复跟踪工作空间内一平面路径时连杆的自运动进行了研究.结果表明,该机器人的自运动存在混沌运动.