Environmental reference systems for large-scale spaces

Human navigation in well-known environments is guided by stored memory representations of spatial information. In three experiments (N = 43) we investigated the role of different spatial reference systems when accessing information about familiar objects at different locations in the city in which the participants lived. Our results indicate that two independent reference systems underly the retrieval of spatial knowledge. Environmental characteristics, e.g., the streets at an intersection, determine which headings are easier to imagine at a given location and lead to differences in accessibility of spatial information (orientation-specific behavior). In addition, access to spatial information depends on the relative direction of a location with respect to the imagined heading, such that information about locations imagined in front of oneself is easier to access than about locations towards the back. This influence of an egocentric reference system was found for environmental knowledge as well as map-based knowledge. In light of these reference system effects, position-dependent models of spatial memory for large-scale environments are discussed. To account for the simultaneous effect of an environmental and an egocentric reference system, we present a 2-level model of spatial memory access.     

Design-to-Cost Applied Within an Integrated System Model

In an environment of declining financial budgets for space projects, new approaches - such as Design-To-Cost - are being implemented to improve today's satellite design processes. Using an example of a current mission (the power subsystem of the Solar Probe spacecraft) under study at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the main part of the paper discusses an Integrated System Model (structured into a performance model, a cost model, and an effectiveness model) that is part of a model-based design process used to perform cost-effectiveness trades. A simulation tool is used during the first step to size the components of the power subsystem, and then simulate its performance during operation. The determined dimensions are transferred into an EXCEL^TM-spreadsheet and linked to the components' costs. With a cost accounting tool that combines cost estimating relationships with the Work Breakdown Structure of the power subsystem, the life-cycle cost of each alternative design concept is computed. To determine the cost-risk of the different design alternatives for each component, cost probability distributions are introduced. By performing Monte-Carlo simulations, cost sensitivities are revealed. In the next step of the trade study process, the effectiveness of the alternatives is analyzed. Having determined cost and effectiveness, estimates can be made for where the different alternatives lie in the design space. The last part of the paper identifies the main drivers for the spacecraft's performance and cost. Finally it is shown how the mission design benefited from the Integrated System Model and from the application of Design-To-Cost.     

全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率研究

研究绳系结构和绳索预紧力对全模颤振双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率的影响。首先，基于绳索并联机构理论，对双索悬挂系统进行静力学建模，引入加权矩阵，推导了双索悬挂系统静刚度模型；其次，建立双索悬挂系统无阻尼振荡方程，分析双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率变化规律；进而，搭建了双索悬挂系统地面样机，开展系统模态频率测试试验，研究系统刚体模态频率的影响因素及其变化规律；最后，参考试验结果修正所建数学模型。结果表明，随着绳索预紧力的增加，系统刚体模态频率呈上升趋势，但各阶刚体模态的固有频率上升速率不同，平动模态的固有频率受绳索预紧力影响比转动模态小得多；在转动模态方面，滚转模态的固有频率最大且上升快；在平动模态方面，升沉模态的固有频率大于横侧滑模态的固有频率；双索经过的机身前后滑轮与飞机模型质心之间的相对位置变化会不同程度地影响支撑系统俯仰模态、偏航模态的固有频率，但几乎不影响其滚转模态的固有频率。研究发现，通过控制悬挂绳索预紧力的大小，合理设计机身上的滑轮安装位置，能够有效降低双索悬挂系统刚体模态频率。研究结果对于优化设计全模颤振双索悬挂系统具有指导意义。     

考虑两种失效竞争的多状态冷贮备系统可靠性模型

针对装备系统中多状态工作部件存在退化失效与突发失效竞争的情况，以冷贮备系统为研究对象，假设系统内3个维修台可分别提供预防性维修与两种不同类型的修复性维修，采用随机检测策略，系统性能水平在一定范围内退化时进行预防性维修，部件完全退化失效时进行退化失效修复性维修，而突发失效时进行突发失效修复性维修；利用PH （Phase-type）分布描述模型中各类随机时间变量，外部冲击的到达则采用PH更新过程描述，建立了考虑退化失效与突发失效的多状态冷贮备系统可靠性模型。最后通过算例验证了模型的适用性，演示了预防性维修阈值以及三类维修速率对系统可靠性的影响。     

Gaussian mixture model based adaptive control for uncertain nonlinear systems with complex state constraints

This paper addresses an uncertain nonlinear control system problem with complex state constraints and mismatched uncertainties. A novel Gaussian Mixture Model(GMM) based adaptive PID-Nonsingular Terminal Sliding Mode Control(NTSMC)(GMM-adaptive-PID-NTSMC)method is proposed. It is achieved by combining a GMM based adaptive potential function with a novel switching surface of PID-NTSMC. Next, the stability of the closed-loop system is proved.The main contribution of this paper is that the GMM meth...     

燃气轮机多微机监控系统通讯协议的制订与实现

对舰用燃气轮机组的多微机实时控制系统提出了多微机实时控制通讯协议。该协议为面向字符的数据链路层协议,能实现全双工通讯。通讯全部采用中断方式,为保证各通信互不干扰可靠畅通进行,该协议对通信管理设计为四大模块：通信数据组织模块、通信启动发送模块、通信中断模块和通信Watchdog模块。以监测机为例,根据监测机在通信中的地位,将通讯分为监测机主动发送方式、主动接收方式、被动发送方式和被动接收方式,并对各种方式下的通信过程进行了详细的论述。     

一个DIS实时通讯网络的设计与实现

以一个ＤＩＳ（分布交互仿真）实时网络的设计和开发过程为背景,研究了ＤＩＳ实时网络开发中的几个问题。在进行实时ＤＩＳ网络规划时,采用了多点传送的通讯服务方式,保证每个仿真应用只发送变化的信息,只处理与自身相关的信息。指出了进行数据的实时传输格式定义时应注意的几个问题,这些数据定义必须支持多种不同的操作系统和平台。最后给出了开发ＤＩＳ实时通讯软件的方法,包括通讯协议和应用编程接口的选择。     

贝叶斯景象匹配技术

景象匹配技术以其极高的末制导精度在导航系统中起着关键性的作用。经典的景象匹配定位方法只能提供象素级的定位精度,为了获得更高的精度可采用ＦＦＴ匹配算法、最小二乘匹配算法等。该文首次提出了一种新的贝叶斯景象匹配算法。其基本思想在于：匹配定位位置可看作为随机量,先利用匹配图像间的信息求其条件概率分布,再利用图像中的大量样本来求解其贝叶斯估计值。同时研究了基于贝叶斯估计的景象匹配技术的原理及算法,并将其与     

角速率平台伺服机构的智能控制与容错研究

介绍了角速率平台伺服机构智能控制研制进展。用单片机控制,对角速率反馈通道实现了2次故障判别、1次系统重构。用Fuzzy控制建立了相应隶属函数,确定了故障判别阈值。实验表明系统工作稳定,故障的Fuzzy差别合理,故障通道切换平稳,重构后系统工作仍正常。     

一种适用于现代飞机火控系统的空-空导弹发射火控计算数学模型

给出的火控计算模型由两部分构成：首先利用机载雷达和其它传感器提供的信息,求解目标速度Vt和进入角Q,然后采用表格函数线性插值与解析修正相结合的方法,来求解导弹发射的最大、最小允许距离。最后给出了仿真结果。该数学模型已经用于某现役歼击机改装的雷达火控系统。