Dark Matter Particle Explorer:The First Chinese Cosmic Ray and Hard γ-ray Detector in Space

The Dark Matter Particle Explorer (DAMPE) mission is one of the five scientific space science missions within the framework of the Strategic Pioneer Program on Space Science of the Chinese Academy of Science (CAS) approved in 2011. The main scientific objective of DAMPE is to detect electrons and photons in the range of 5GeV-10TeV with unprecedented energy resolution (1.5% at 100GeV) in order to identify possible Dark Matter (DM) signatures. It will also measure the flux of nuclei up to above 500TeV with excellent energy resolution (40% at 800GeV), which will bring new insights to the origin and propagation high energy cosmic rays. With its excellent photon detection capability, the DAMPE mission is well placed for new discoveries in high energy-ray astronomy as well.      

现场校准试验用便携式γ射线照射装置研制

固定式环境γ辐射剂量率监测仪表是承担环境连续监测任务的主要设备,这类仪表通常不便于拆卸和安装,而且送检周期较长（一周左右）,影响了连续监测点数据的连续性。为了固定式仪表的按期校准,结合蒙卡方法研制了便携式γ射线照射装置,利用PTW剂量计对辐射场进行标定,最后利用便携式照射装置对固定式环境γ辐射剂量率监测仪表进行现场校准实验。     

Lunar cosmic ray radiation environments during Luna and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter missions

The RV-2N-series instruments onboard Luna missions and the Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation (CRaTER) instrument onboard Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) were designed to characterize the global lunar radiation environment and its biological impacts by measuring cosmic ray (CR) intensity. In this study, we have shown that the RV-2N-series instruments onboard of Russian Luna missions and the CRaTER reliably detect both background CRs and solar proton events (SPEs) in the lunar radiation environment using the proton intensity measured by the RV-2N-series onboard Luna missions out of the Russian Luna program for the exploration of the Moon (November 1970–August 1975) and the CR intensity on the Moon observed by the CRaTER (June 2009–March 2011). Those were compared with the CR intensities observed by neutron monitors (McMurdo, Thule, Oulu) on the Earth. The sunspot number is used as the index of solar activity (NOAA National Geophysical Data Center). As a result, the background CR intensities on the Moon turned out to have a good anti-correlation with the solar activity. We have also identified the proton intensity increasing events on the Moon which have the similar profiles to those observed by neutron monitors on the Earth. Most of these events show the significant increase of proton intensities in the lunar radiation environment when the SPEs associated with solar eruptions are verified. Therefore, most of the proton intensity increasing events are associated with the energetic solar particles in the lunar environment.     

脉冲星导航试验卫星科学观测数据分析

脉冲星导航试验卫星是我国发射的一颗专用试验卫星.经过4个多月的在轨观测,该卫星已成功获取了大量观测数据.介绍利用该卫星搭载的掠入射聚焦型X射线探测器在近4个月中对PSR B0531+21获得的观测数据第一批处理结果.本文详细阐述掠入射聚焦型X射线探测器的观测模式,给出脉冲星观测数据的处理方法以及脉冲星参数的拟合过程,利用基于第一手观测数据的脉冲星精化参数验证掠入射聚焦型探测器在轨工作性能,得以回答使用国产X射线探测器是否能够“看得见”脉冲星问题.     

高性能流场并行粒子追踪数据管理系统

随着当下计算能力和存储性能的提升,流场数据产出的规模越来越庞大,针对流场数据的可视化应用对于硬件及软件算法的要求也随之提高。基于国家数值风洞（NNW）工程支持,主导设计并开发了高性能流场并行粒子追踪数据管理系统,帮助用户探索和分析大规模流场数据。该系统针对流场数据提供多种高效的数据管理方法,在超算集群上针对并行粒子追踪过程进行了数据预取优化与负载均衡优化。对于粒子追踪过程中产生的流线（或迹线）及进程工作记录数据,该系统支持用户在本地平台上进行性能诊断和分析。使用不同流场数据集开展的两个应用实例验证了该系统的有效性。     

Solar proton events recorded in the stratosphere during cosmic ray balloon observations in 1957–2008

Long-term balloon observations have been performed by the Lebedev Physical Institute since 1957 up to the present time. The observations are taken several times a week at the polar and mid latitudes and allow us to study dynamics of galactic and solar cosmic ray as well as secondary particle fluxes in the atmosphere and in the near-Earth space. Solar energetic particles (120) – mostly protons – (SEP) events with >100 MeV proton intensity above 1 cm⁻² s⁻¹ s⁻¹ were recorded during 1958–2006. Before the advent of the SEP monitoring on spacecraft these results constituted the only homogeneous series of >100 MeV SEP events. The SEP intensities and energy spectra inferred from the Lebedev Physical Institute observations are consistent with the results taken in the adjacent energy intervals by the spacecraft and neutron monitors. Joint consideration of the SEP events series recorded by balloons and by neutron monitors during solar cycles 20–23 makes it possible to restore the probable number of events in solar cycle 19, which was not properly covered by observations. Some correlation was found between duration of SEP event production in a solar cycle and sunspot cycle characteristics.     

X射线脉冲星脉冲到达航天器时间测量

X射线脉冲星脉冲到达时间(TOA)的空间测量是航天器自主导航和用脉冲星钟作航天器时间标准的基础.在简要介绍地面射电观测TOA测量方法基础上,重点研究了X射线脉冲星脉冲到达时间的空间测量方法和算法.讨论了利用X射线脉冲星辐射光子到达时间观测,建立X射线脉冲轮廓的方法;给出了通过观测得到的X射线脉冲轮廓与标准脉冲轮廓比较,精确确定TOA的测量方法和实用算法.讨论了削弱多普勒效应对TOA测量影响的方法.      

RTR系统测试精度的改进

对目前使用的ＲＴＲ系统中存在的问题进行了分析,指出影响ＲＴＲ系统测试精度的主要原因是高速运动分析仪的图像分辨率太低及Ｘ射线系统本身造成的系统误差。总结了提高ＲＴＲ系统测试精度的措施,包括提高变压器的稳压性能,改进实验器设计水平,提高试车台架的刚性以及运用图像处理技术等,将这些改进措施应用于ＳＲＭ燃烧室凝相粒子运动规律的实验研究,取得了比较明显的效果。     

电磁辅助激光熔化沉积的残余应力

针对激光熔化沉积内部残余应力较大的问题,对其产生的机理作了分析。基于电磁场的应用原理,提出电磁辅助激光熔化沉积以降低其残余应力的方法。利用ANSYS参数化编程语言APDL模拟了电磁辅助激光熔化沉积的过程,分析了成形件残余应力的变化规律,结果表明同步加载轴向电磁力能较好地消减成形件内部残余应力。采用X射线衍射结合电解腐蚀的方法进行深度方向的残余应力测量试验,试验结果验证了电磁辅助的有效性。     

相控阵超声检测方案设计关键技术及其在航空航天领域的应用

相控阵超声检测技术是一种多通道超声检测方法,与常规单通道水浸超声检测技术相比,检测方案的制定更加灵活也更加复杂。在针对复杂型面结构进行检测方案设计时,错误的检测方案将可能产生缺陷的误检、漏检等严重问题。为了针对航空航天领域广泛存在的复杂结构试件制定最优的相控阵超声检测方案,本文提出了一套针对复杂型面结构的相控阵超声检测方案设计流程,并对其中涉及的关键技术和应用进行介绍。首先,对流程框架进行总体概述,表明检测方案设计的重要性和必要性;然后针对其中涉及的5项关键理论方法的核心原理及用途进行介绍;最后搭建相控阵超声软硬件平台,实现上述关键理论方法,并用于航空航天典型结构件的检测研究。研究结果表明,所制定方案能够准确检出结构内部的预埋缺陷,满足被测对象的检测要求,并且所提出的检测方案设计流程及采用的关键理论方法有效地提高了检测方案的设计效率,对航空航天等重要领域复杂结构试件的检测应用具有一定的理论指导及应用价值。