协同侦察系统增加猝发探测功能的定位技术

协同侦察系统增加猝发式有源探测功能,使系统既具隐蔽性又可精确定位,是一个值得研究的问题。分析对远距离目标的多平台协同侦察定位和单站猝发式有源定位的定位误差分布特点,提出了协同侦察增加猝发式有源探测的综合探测体制,描述了系统工作流程,给出了协同侦察增加猝发探测的最大似然定位算法,仿真分析了定位性能。仿真结果表明,多平台协同侦察系统有较高的切向定位精度,猝发式有源定位有较高的径向定位精度,综合定位能将二者定位性能进行优势互补,一定程度上提高定位精度。     

联合截获威胁下的雷达射频隐身目标搜索算法

针对基于射频(RF)隐身需求的机载雷达目标搜索问题进行了研究。通过分析实际作战中射频辐射面临的截获威胁,提出了一种基于联合截获威胁的射频隐身性能表征方法,并给出了具体的值估算方法;对机载雷达搜索任务中辐射参数的优化问题进行了建模,并采用优化算法对目标函数进行求解。通过分析典型情景下解集的分布特点,给出了从最优解集中选取最终解的方法。结果表明,提出的射频隐身性能表征方法能更好地反映截获实现过程的多域需求,提出的雷达搜索方法能够在保证探测性能的同时,提高射频隐身性能和搜索速度,能够为相控阵雷达搜索任务中参数的优化控制提供方法和依据。     

GPS/伪卫星组合定位中伪卫星改进选址模型

为了更为有效地改善GPS卫星的几何结构,提高GPS/伪卫星组合定位的精度,在推导伪卫星增强GPS系统基本公式的基础上,阐述了GPS绝对定位精度因子的相关理论,说明了引入伪卫星的必要性;提出了建立以观测时间、高度角和方位角为自变量,绝对定位精度因子为因变量的四维选址模型,并采用一次性添加伪卫星方式,改进现有的逐颗添加方式,建立了整体最优的伪卫星选址模型,给出了该模型的工作流程。以空间位置精度因子PDOP为例,进行实测数据测试与分析,结果表明：基于两种伪卫星添加方式建立的四维模型均可为高效的伪卫星选址工作提供可靠依据,实现伪卫星的优化选址;其中一次性添加方式优于逐颗添加方式,尤其对于添加2颗伪卫星,PDOP值在局部的优化程度达到了1.0以上,较大程度地改善了逐颗添加伪卫星方式产生的不利区域,可以提供更为有效的伪卫星选址方案。     

具有方向特性的X角点的亚像素检测定位

X角点被广泛应用于相机标定与可见光视觉跟踪系统,不仅具有位置信息,还可以具有方向信息.针对X角点的精确位置检测和方向检测,提出了一种利用X角点对称性的检测与定位算法——对称性计算算子(SC,Symmetry Calculation),简称SC算子.该算法主要由两部分组成.先利用对称性计算值确定X角点像素位置,然后基于二次曲线拟合及直线相交求亚像素位置.通过角点定位实验,仿真分析高斯噪声和畸变对定位精度及鲁棒性的影响,并与Harris算法及Micron Tracker系统进行比较.实验表明,本文方法能有效检测X角点,排除其他类型的角点和干扰点,具有较高的定位精度和鲁棒性.      

基于传递函数特征的机械结构故障诊断方法新进展

故障诊断对估计机械结构的健康状态非常重要,诊断方法一直以来也是研究的热点问题。与其他故障诊断方法相比,基于传递函数的故障诊断方法操作简单,提供的故障特征和指示因子也更加灵敏有效。根据所利用的线性传递函数或非线性传递函数的类型不同、基于传递函数的故障诊断方法目前大概有4类,即一般线性方法、一般非线性方法、基于广义频响函数（GFRF）方法和基于二阶输出频谱（SOOS）方法。本文旨在对各种基于传递函数的故障诊断方法研究进展进行梳理,通过带阻尼弹簧单元的多自由度模型解释各种方法的基本原理和操作流程,通过具体的仿卫星结构中螺栓松动故障实验比较各种方法的优缺点,探讨现有故障指示因子灵敏度的提高方式及现有方法在其他复杂机械结构中的运用前景。     

一种星间设备系统偏差的标定方法

针对Ka波段测距体制中星间测距设备系统偏差标定困难从而影响自主导航精度的问题,提出用星地无线电双向时间比对的方法标定星间设备系统偏差。通过两条星地双向链路并在这两颗卫星间建立一条星间双向链路进行标定。结果表明：该方法能够标定星间设备系统偏差,其RMS优于1ns,从而起到提高星间时间同步精度的目的。     

一种改进的多点融合非均匀校正技术

针对空间宽幅相机在进行非均匀性校正过程中相机镜头与积分球输出口的相对位置发生变换后非均匀性校正精度下降的原因进行了分析,提出了一种改进的融合多点位置的非均匀校正新方法,即为了消除积分球的角均匀性和面均匀性的不足,采用获取多个位置的大量定标图像,融合求取平均值的方法得到校正系数来削弱这种影响,并进行试验验证分析。结果表明,多点融合的校正方法在积分球输出口光强不均匀、又无法固定相机与积分球相对位置的前提下,减少了积分球光强的不均匀性对系数可靠性的影响,相对辐射定标的非均匀校正精度得到大幅提高。     

Assessment of precision in ionospheric electron density profiles retrieved by GPS radio occultations

The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC) is a six satellite radio occultation mission that was launched in April 2006. The close proximity of these satellites during some months after launch provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the precision of Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) retrievals of ionospheric electron density from nearly collocated and simultaneous observations. RO data from 30 consecutive days during July and August 2006 are divided into ten groups in terms of daytime or nighttime and latitude. In all cases, the best precision values (about 1%) are found at the F peak height and they slightly degrade upwards. For all daytime groups, it is seen that electron density profiles above about 120 km height exhibit a substantial improvement in precision. Nighttime groups are rather diverse: in particular, the precision becomes better than 10% above different levels between 120 and 200 km height. Our overall results show that up to 100–200 km (depending on each group), the uncertainty associated with the precision is in the order of the measured electron density values. Even worse, the retrieved values tend sometimes to be negative. Although we cannot rely directly on electron density values at these altitudes, the shape of the profiles could be indicative of some ionospheric features (e.g. waves and sporadic E layers). Above 200 km, the profiles of precision are qualitatively quite independent from daytime or latitude. From all the nearly collocated pairs studied, only 49 exhibited a difference between line of sight angles of both RO at the F peak height larger than 10°. After analyzing them we find no clear indications of a significant representativeness error in electron density profiles due to the spherical assumption above 120 km height. Differences in precision between setting and rising GPS RO may be attributed to the modification of the processing algorithms applied to rising cases during the initial period of the COSMIC mission.     

Atmosphere sounding by GPS radio occultation: First results from TanDEM-X and comparison with TerraSAR-X

On 21 June 2010 the TerraSAR-X satellite was joined by the TanDEM-X satellite. A Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation (RO) experiment using the twin satellites has been carried out to estimate the precision of GPS atmospheric soundings. For the Day Of Year (DOY) 330–336, 2011, we analyze phase and amplitude data recorded by GPS receivers separated by a few hundred meters in a low earth orbit and derive collocated atmospheric refractivity profiles. In the altitude range 10–20 km the standard deviation between TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X refractivity does not exceed 0.15%. The standard deviation is rapidly increasing for lower and higher altitudes; close to the surface and at an altitude of 30 km the standard deviation reaches 0.8% and 0.5%, respectively. Systematic deviations between TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X refractivity in the considered altitude range (0–30 km) are negligible. The results confirm the anticipated high precision of the GPS RO technique. However, the difference in the retrieved refractivity in the lower troposphere for different Open Loop (OL) signal tracking parameters, altered onboard TanDEM-X for DOY 49–55, 2012, calls for an in depth analysis. At the moment we can not exclude that a potential bias in the OL Doppler model introduces a bias in our retrieved refractivity at altitudes <8$<8$ km.     

基于蓝牙4.0的接近度分类室内定位算法

蓝牙4.0技术已经广泛应用于手机、平板电脑等移动终端设备,使得利用其实现室内定位具有极其广阔的应用前景。通过对蓝牙4.0技术的研究,根据蓝牙4.0 RSSI损耗特征进行接近度分类,提出一种限定区域k-近邻改进算法。实验结果表明,运用优化后的RSSI指纹定位算法室内定位平均误差可达到dm级,可充分满足商用室内LBS“m级”的定位精度和“s级”响应的需求。