绕飞轨道(绕飞角＞360°)动力学和控制策略--微小卫星一种新的应用概念

本文研究微小卫星围绕空间站飞行，监视空间站运行和外观状态，减少航天员舱外活动。这是小卫星一种新的应用概念。文章主要研究绕飞轨道动力学和稳定性，以及在有摄动情况下保持绕飞轨道的控制策略。这种控制策略所消耗燃料非常少，根据仿真实验结果，绕飞卫星一个月时间仅消耗燃料的速度增量约为３～４ｍ／ｓ。     

绳系卫星系统中的周期运动

在椭圆轨道上飞行的绳系卫星系统的重要特征是系绳的方向角具有周期性运动，称为驻环。不稳定的驻环导致全系统的不稳定性。本文给出系统运动的数学模型、距离速率控制方法、求解驻环的数值迭代算法、驻环的稳定性和吸引域以及控制参数平面上驻环存在的区界和计算机仿真结果     

关于旋进椭圆的讨论

根据Bertrand定理关于轨道闭合的条件,我们知道当中心引力的形式为径向距离的幂次型函数时,并不总能导致闭合轨道,即运动的质点不一定能返回到它自己的轨迹上去。这个定理指出:一切运动质点其初始条件稍微偏离圆轨道的要求条件时,只有当引力满足平方反比律(即牛顿万有引力定律)或线性定律(即虎克定律)时,轨道才是闭合的。 本文试图采用分析力学中作用角变量的方法,对一般情形下的轨道闭合条件进行讨论。这里我们看到使初始轨道接近于圆轨道的假设是不必要的,而且力的类型可推广到包括平方反比和其它幂次型的力。我们证明了轨道闭合的判别公式,并得到在上述情形下轨道非闭合的结论。 最后,如果中心引力包括有r~(-2)项和r~(-3)项时,象相对论性改正后所得到的那样,轨道就不再是闭合的,而是一旋进椭圆形轨道,椭圆的旋进角速度可以容易地计算出来。     

Effects of eccentricity of the reference orbit on multi-tethered satellite formations

The paper discusses the relevance of eccentric reference orbits on the dynamics of a tethered formation, when a massive cable model is included in the analysis of a multi-tethered satellite formation. The formations examined in this study are hub-and-spoke (HAS) and closed-hub-and-spoke (CHAS) configurations for in-plane and Earth-facing spin planes. Stability of the formations is studied by means of numerical simulation, together with the evaluation of the effects of eccentricity on tether elongation, agents relative position, and formation orientation and shape.     

Optimising filtering of two-line element sets to increase re-entry prediction accuracy for GTO objects

Predicting re-entry epoch of space objects enables managing the risk to ground population. Predictions are particularly difficult for objects in highly-elliptical orbits, and important for objects with components that can survive re-entry, e.g. rocket bodies (R/Bs). This paper presents a methodology to filter two-line element sets (TLEs) to facilitate accurate re-entry prediction of such objects. Difficulties in using TLEs for precise analyses are highlighted and a set of filters that identifies erroneous element sets is developed. The filter settings are optimised using an artificially generated TLE time series. Optimisation results are verified on real TLEs by analysing the automatically found outliers for exemplar R/Bs. Based on a study of 96 historical re-entries, it is shown that TLE filtering is necessary on all orbital elements that are being used in a given analysis in order to avoid considerably inaccurate results.     

“多对多”模式下GEO卫星在轨加注任务规划

随着在轨服务技术的发展和对航天器发射运营成本的控制，航天器在轨服务模式将由“一对一”服务逐步发展为“一对多”“多对多”的服务模式。在具有多个服务目标的模式下，针对服务航天器的任务分配与规划将变得尤为关键。因此，本文研究了多服务航天器为多个地球同步轨道(GEO)卫星进行在轨加注的任务规划问题。首先，考虑服务航天器容量约束、服务路径约束等多类约束条件，以最小化燃料消耗为优化指标，以每个服务航天器的服务顺序为决策变量，建立“多对多”在轨加注任务规划模型。其次，针对遗传算法局部搜索能力差、易陷入局部最优的缺陷，设计了一种将大邻域搜索算法和遗传算法相结合的混合启发式算法(LNS-GA)，用以求解该任务规划问题。该算法利用大邻域搜索算法中的“破坏”和“修复”思想，对遗传算法每一代种群中的精英个体进行进一步的迭代搜索，从而增强算法的局部搜索能力。最后，通过设定的仿真场景与单一遗传算法进行仿真对比，验证了本文所提出算法的有效性和优越性。     

Observations in the thermal IR and visible of a retired satellite in the graveyard orbit,and comparisons to active satellites in GEO

There exists a population of defunct satellites in the geo-stationary arc that potentially pose a hazard to current and future operational satellites. These drifting, non-station-kept objects have a variety of ages and sizes, and many are trapped in libration orbits around the Earth?s two gravitational potential wells (the non-spherical nature of the Earth gives rise to two geo-potential wells or “stable points” that affect objects in geostationary and geosynchronous orbits), whereas others were boosted to higher altitudes into so-called “graveyard” orbits.     

Longitude-dependent effects of fragmentation events in the geosynchronous orbit regime

The effects of on-orbit fragmentation events on localized debris congestion in each of the longitude slots of the geosynchronous orbit (GEO) regime are evaluated by simulating explosions and collisions of uncontrolled rocket bodies in multiple orbit configurations, including libration about one or both of the gravitational wells located at 75°E and 105°W. Fragmentation distributions are generated with the NASA Standard Breakup Model, which samples fragment area-to-mass ratio and delta-velocity as a function of effective diameter. Simulation results indicate that the long-term severity and consequence of a GEO fragmentation event is strongly dependent upon parent body longitude at the epoch of fragmentation, which can spawn bi-annual “fragment storms” in high-risk longitude slots, driven by lower-energy fragments that have been captured and have started librating around the nearby gravitational well.     

Long-term photometric signature study of two GEO satellites

Geostationary earth orbit satellites have been extensively used for unique high-orbit stationary characteristics. Long-term precise investigation is an important issue in the observation of GEO satellites, since it can provide valuable information on the satellites’ operation state, discrimination and early warning analysis. Ground-based optical-electronic devices play a significant role in the observation. 4-month photometric signature variation of two satellites is presented based on the successive observations using the 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory (SHAO). It can be concluded that the long-term brightness change mainly results from the sun declination angle and regular orbit maneuver. Moreover, the solar panel offsets of the two satellites are analyzed and found to be approximately 4 degrees. Estimation of photometric accuracy reaches 0.15 mag for the application of CCD drift-scan optical-electronic technique.     

太阳同步轨道卫星中继测控天线覆盖特性优化研究

我国天链一号数据中继卫星系统的初步建成,大大提高了低轨用户卫星的测控效率,但用户卫星中继测控天线有限的波束角影响了其对数据中继卫星系统的覆盖率。为此,文章提出一种垂直于卫星轨道面方向的准半球状增益中继测控天线布局方式,适用于整星尺寸较大或使用晨昏轨道的太阳同步轨道(SSO)卫星。这种方式充分利用该方向对中继卫星的长时间可视弧段,能有效提高中继测控的覆盖率,对天链一号数据中继卫星系统的覆盖率在95%以上。同时,单个中继测控弧段的平均时长约为60min,弧段之间的平均等待时间约为20min。其覆盖特性的各项指标相比于常规的对天面中继测控天线具有明显的优势,能显著提高中继测控任务的实时性和灵活性。