Flight safety implications of the extreme solar proton event of 23 February 1956

There is considerable speculation about the effects at aircraft altitudes resulting from extreme solar proton events. The ground level event (GLE) of 23 February 1956 (GLE 5), remains the largest solar proton event of the neutron monitor era in terms of its influence on count rates at monitors near sea level. During this GLE the count rate was increased by as much as 4760% (15-min average) at the Leeds monitor relative to the count rate from galactic cosmic radiation (GCR). Two modern models of the event cumulative solar proton spectrum for this event, a 6-parameter fit in energy and a 4-parameter Band fit in rigidity, are compared with 1-h of GCR at solar minimum. While effective doses calculated with CARI-7A for both models at low geomagnetic cutoff rigidities are indeed high when compared with GCR and can exceed recommended exposure limits, both GLE spectra exhibit a much stronger dependence on cutoff rigidity than GCR, and a larger fraction of the dose from neutrons. At locations with cutoff rigidities above 4.2 and 6.4?GV, respectively, the GLE effective doses are smaller than the GCR hourly dose. At locations with cutoff rigidities above about 4?GV, GCR was the dominant source of exposure in 10?h or less at all altitudes examined. This suggests that if a similar event occurs in the future, low- and mid-latitude flights at modern jet flight altitudes could be well-protected by Earth’s magnetic field.     

Probing afternoon detached aurora and high-latitude trough based on DMSP observations

The present work displays the observations of an afternoon detached aurora along with ionospheric high-latitude trough. The event was observed by DMSP F17 on 19 September 2014. The afternoon detached aurora was isolated from the auroral oval and was located between 12:00–18:00 magnetic local time (MLT) and 65–70° geomagnetic latitude (MLAT). Particle observations indicate that the afternoon detached aurora was produced by energetic ring current ions with energies above ~10 keV where the main ion energy was likely to be above the upper limit of DMSP measurement (~30 keV). Magnetometer observation from the ground implies that the energetic ions were likely scattered by EMIC waves. Both the detached aurora and the auroral oval are found to be well inside the high-latitude trough with MLAT between ~64° and ~76° (68–80° GLAT). The auroral oval corresponds to a westward (sunward) plasma drift. It is expected that the westward drift transports the low-density plasma in the nightside toward the dayside, leading to the high-latitude trough formation. The afternoon detached aurora was well equatorward of the high-latitude trough, and the corresponding plasma drift was nearly zero. The plasma associated with the detached aurora is expected to be stagnant, and broaden the high-latitude trough equatorward.     

多尺度网格细胞路径综合方法

为实现无人作战飞机(UCAV,Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicle)认知导航的空间方位自主推算,提出了一种基于多尺度网格细胞的路径整合方法.该方法模拟背侧内嗅皮层(dMEC,dorsal Medial Entorhinal Cortex)的相同区域网格细胞放电特征相同、不同区域放电特征递增变化的特点,构建尺度递增的仿生多尺度网格图组,在各层中引入突触样式(synaptic pattern)计算各细胞权值,通过细胞的活跃度变化表征各网格层中位置的变化,并在各层分别实现路径整合,进而利用低尺度整合结果调整高尺度整合,提高空间位置的推算精度.实验结果表明,所提方法在一定的速度误差与方向误差范围内能够精确推算方位,具有较高的空间位置推算精度,并且方向误差值随运动方向变化呈锯齿状分布.     

航天员的产热和散热问题

航天员的产热与散热是确定飞行器生保系统多项部件设计的重要依据，也是判断航天员劳动强度、安排作息制度、实施医学监督的主要指标。文章结合作者以往工作部份经验介绍了国外３种估测航天员代谢热的方法；归纳了航天员舱内外活动时的产热量，并综合分析其变异的原因；并着重论述了低压条件下影响航天服热交换的因素，从而提出了可以由地面实验所获得的服装通风流率，转换成不同低压下带走同样热量所需相应流率的数学方法。     

太阳周期活动对低高度内辐射带高能质子的影响

利用NOAA-15卫星1998年到2011年近13年的高能质子全向通量观测资料, 分析了一个太阳活动周内, 低高度内辐射带高能质子通量的分布变化特性及其物理原因, 比较了观测结果与AP8模型的不同. 研究表明, 低高度内辐射带高能质子通量与太阳活动水平的反相关关系与磁壳参数L值及磁场B值有关; L值越低, B值越大的空间点, 其高能质子通量与太阳活动水平的反向相关性越明显. 高能质子通量随太阳活动水平的变化存在明显滞后现象, L值越高、 B值越小的空间点, 滞后现象就越明显, 滞后严重时可以达到一年左右的时间; 这种滞后现象反映出低高度内辐射带高能质子的源与损失达到平衡是一个中长期过程. 通过与AP8模型计算结果的比较分析可以看出, 利用AP8模型时, 仅考虑地磁场长期变化对质子通量的影响可能会夸大低高度内辐射带局部高能质子通量的增强.     

吸气式空气涡轮冲压发动机的过渡态性能

为计算吸气式空气涡轮冲压(air-turbo-ramjet,ATR)发动机过渡态性能,建立了ATR发动机过渡态模型.通过与传统涡喷发动机供油原则对比得到了ATR发动机供油应遵循的规律,计算得到了给定供油规律下的ATR发动机加减速性能.结果显示ATR发动机在供油规律选择上更加灵活,并能很好地满足喘振裕度的要求.根据ATR发动机自身特点,在补足低转速特性后,本模型可直接模拟ATR发动机起动过程.      

Investigation of pressure wave behaviors in the rotational speed effects on a pressure-exchange wave rotor

A wave rotor is suitable for compact and efficient pressure-exchange between gas flows.This work measured the circumferential pressure distribution of the rotor/stator interfaces and utilized a CFD method to simulate the unsteady pressure waves. The experimental and CFD results showed some slopes in the circumferential pressure distributions, and the slopes indicated the traces of specific unsteady pressure waves. Such traces varied regularly if the rotational speed varied within a range from-11...     

喷气燃料作为液压介质的关键技术

介绍了喷气燃料RP-3的特点,分析了喷气燃料的主要性能指标;对喷气燃料作为液压传动工作介质的关键技术—粘度、轴功率、橡胶相容性、防静电等提出了一些想法和建议;通过实例验证了上述分析,指出了可行方法,以及今后的研究方向和可能的发展。     

基于膜除湿的飞机新型环境控制系统模拟研究

提出了一种采用高压空气膜除湿组件的飞机新型环境控制系统(ECS).在分析了系统工作原理的基础上,建立了该系统中各主要部件的数学模型,并采用分块建模的思想,开发了该新型环境控制系统的计算机仿真模型库,并与传统高压除水飞机环境控制系统进行了性能仿真比较.仿真结果表明:所开发的模型库具有良好的动态响应性能和稳态值;与传统系统...     

一种离心甩油盘雾化性能的试验

在离心甩油盘性能试验器上对一种离心甩油盘雾化性能进行了较详细的试验研究,用相位多普勒粒子分析仪(PDPA)测量了不同转速下甩油盘的燃油雾化粒度索太尔平均直径(SMD)、雾化锥角等性能参数.试验结果表明:在试验转速范围内,随甩油盘转速增大,甩油盘雾化锥角α逐渐减少; 随甩油盘转速增大,雾化粒度SMD值逐渐减少,当甩油盘转速大于25000r/min时,燃油的SMD值基本保持不变; 在同一甩油盘转速下,燃油的SMD值随离甩油盘喷油孔距离的增大而增大.