Meteoroid bombardment as a source of the lunar exosphere

The column densities of impact-produced metal atoms in the exosphere during the peaks of activity of the main meteor showers – Geminids, Quadrantids and Perseids – and during quiet periods are estimated. The Na supply rate is estimated to be 2 × 10⁴, 3 × 10³, 10⁴, and 2 × 10⁴ atoms cm⁻² s⁻¹ for sporadic meteoroids, Perseid, Geminid, and Quadrantid meteor showers, respectively. A low upper limit on Ca in the lunar exosphere is explained by the condensation of Ca into dust grains during expansion of the cooling impact-produced vapor cloud. The chemical composition of gas-phase species released to the lunar exosphere during meteoroid impacts has been estimated. Most impact-produced molecules that contain metals are destroyed by solar photons while on ballistic trajectories. Energies of Na, K, Ca, and Mg atoms produced via photolysis of the respective monoxides are estimated to be 0.4, 0.35, 0.6, and 0.45 eV, respectively. The relative content of impact-produced Na and K atoms is maximal at altitudes of about 1000–2000 km and during the main meteor showers, lunar eclipses, and passages of the Moon through the Earth’s magnetosphere.     

存在剥离条件下颗粒物沉积过程的数值研究和实验验证

为了更加准确地模拟涡轮叶片表面颗粒物沉积的增长过程和分布状况,研究颗粒物沉积过程中粘附、剥离直至稳定平衡的规律,在经改进的颗粒粘附模型基础上考虑两种剥离形式,利用Fluent的User Defined Function (UDF)功能和网格重构技术,最终实现了熔融石蜡颗粒于带有气膜冷却的平板上沉积动态增长的过程。通过与相同条件下所得实验结果的对比,验证了所用模型的有效性和合理性。随后研究了是否加入剥离模型、气膜冷却吹风比、气膜孔射流角度等因素对沉积效果的影响。计算结果表明,考虑颗粒的剥离效应将减少颗粒物沉积的总量,尤其是在气膜孔后较短区域内;此外,吹风比的增加将使颗粒不易撞击壁面,已粘附的颗粒也更容易剥离从而降低沉积的厚度和质量;射流角度不断增大则使气膜覆盖效果变差,壁面温度升高,颗粒更易达到熔融状态沉积下来。研究发现该数值方法有助于更加精确地仿真沉积增长的过程,证实了吹风比和射流角度对沉积的分布和厚度有很大影响。当射流角度处于35°～40°时,可在一定程度上减少沉积。     

Analysis and control of the compaction force in the composite prepreg tape winding process for rocket motor nozzles

In the process of composite prepreg tape winding, the compaction force could influence the quality of winding products. According to the analysis and experiments, during the winding process of a rocket motor nozzle aft exit cone with a winding angle, there would be an error between the deposition speed of tape layers and the feeding speed of the compaction roller, which could influence the compaction force. Both a lack of compaction and overcompaction related to the feed-ing of the compaction roller could result in defects of winding nozzles. Thus, a flexible winding sys-tem has been developed for rocket motor nozzle winding. In the system, feeding of the compaction roller could be adjusted in real time to achieve an invariable compaction force. According to exper-iments, the force deformation model of the winding tape is a time-varying system. Thus, a forgetting factor recursive least square based parameter estimation proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller has been developed, which could estimate the time-varying parameter and control the compaction force by adjusting the feeding of the compaction roller during the winding process. According to the experimental results, a winding nozzle with fewer voids and a smooth surface could be wounded by the invariable compaction force in the flexible winding system.     

A plastic strain energy method exploration between machined surface integrity evolution and torsion fatigue behaviour of low alloy steel

To explore the evolution mechanism of multistage machining processes and torsional fatigue behaviour based on strain energy for the first time and provide process optimization of axis parts of low alloy steel for service performance, four multistage machining processes were applied to the 45Cr Ni Mo VA steel, including the Rough Turning process(RT), RT+ the Finish Turning process(FRT), FRT+ the Grinding process(GFRT) and RT+ the Finish Turning process on dry cutting condition(FRT0). The result s...     

微机电系统技术及其在航天器上的应用展望

微机电系统是指集微型机构、微型传感器、微型执行器以及信号处理和控制电路、各种接口、通信电路和电源等于一体的微型器件或系统。随着科学技术的发展,微机电系统在精度和可靠性方面都有了很大的提高,得到了越来越广泛的应用。论述了微机电系统的技术特征、主要技术和加工工艺,并展望了微机电系统在航天器上的应用前景。     

结构系统可靠性及可靠性灵敏度分析的改进子集模拟法

在再生自适应子集模拟(RASS)法的基础上,提出了一种改进的再生自适应子集模拟(MRASS)法以用于结构系统的可靠性及可靠性灵敏度分析。MRASS法继承了RASS法中马尔可夫链再生、延迟拒绝、自适应马尔可夫过程及分量各自采样等优点,并改进了自适应采样过程。MRASS法通过对产生的样本点的接受率与最佳接受率进行比较,有针对性地寻找合适的建议分布方差,提高了抽样的效率。工程算例的数值结果表明:MRASS法相比于RASS法及传统的子集模拟(SS)法,在处理具有高维随机变量、小失效概率及高度非线性特点的结构系统时,有更好的适应性、稳健性及精度。     

不确定非线性主动容错控制系统模糊控制设计

考虑到实际主动容错控制系统中故障以及故障检测与隔离(FDI,Fault Detection and Isolation)决策出现的随机性,随机故障与FDI决策行为分别用两个Markov过程描述,用T-S(Takagi-Sugeno)模糊模型表达不确定非线性主动容错控制系统,并基于并行分布补偿(PDC,Parallel Distributed Compensation)方案,给出了能够保证闭环模糊系统鲁棒随机稳定的模糊控制器设计方法.鲁棒容错模糊控制器的存在条件由一组线性矩阵不等式(LMI,Linear Matrix Inequality)给出,从而方便地利用优化技术求解,随后倒车控制系统的仿真结果验证了所建议方法的有效性.      

基于流量线性相关的IP网物理拓扑发现算法

IP网络物理拓扑发现通常依据设备的地址转发表(AFT, Address Forward Table)实现,相关数据通过简单网管协议(SNMP, Simple Network Management Protocal)获取.但在实际网络中,由于各种因素这种方法发现的结果往往不精确甚至有错误.提出基于网络流量特征的拓扑发现算法.首先将网络设备接口流量随时间的变化看作随机过程,给出接口速率的相关函数定义;然后证明了物理直连的设备接口间的网络流量具有最高的线性相关性;进而提出了基于接口流量线性相关性的IP网络物理拓扑直连关系的发现算法,实现对物理拓扑的最似然估计.最后,在实际网络中对该算法进行了验证.      

A compositional method to model dependent failure behavior based on PoF models

In this paper, a new method is developed to model dependent failure behavior among failure mechanisms. Unlike the existing methods, the developed method models the root cause of the dependency explicitly, so that a deterministic model, rather than a probabilistic one, can be established. Three steps comprise the developed method. First, physics-of-failure(PoF) models are utilized to model each failure mechanism. Then, interactions among failure mechanisms are modeled as a combination of three basic relations, competition, superposition and coupling. This is the reason why the method is referred to as ‘‘compositional method". Finally, the PoF models and the interaction model are combined to develop a deterministic model of the dependent failure behavior. As a demonstration, the method is applied on an actual spool and the developed failure behavior model is validated by a wear test. The result demonstrates that the compositional method is an effective way to model dependent failure behavior.     

无隙锥形旋流器燃烧室中流场分叉现象成因的探讨

本文以实验为依据, 结合分析和推理, 对在无隙锥形旋流器燃烧室中发生的流场分叉现象的成因进行了初步探讨。