Bayesian approach to retrieval of vertical ozone profile from radiometry data

A technique for retrieving vertical distributions (profiles) of atmospheric gas constituents from data of passive remote sensing of the atmosphere is proposed. The goal of the technique based on the statistical (Bayesian) approach to solution of inverse problems is construction of probability distribution for a sought quantity throughout the interval of the studied heights. It is assumed that initial data contain measurement noise, and a priori information about properties of the profile is used. It is proposed to approximate the sought profile by a function in the form of an artificial neural network. This approximation allows optimal inclusion of a priori information into retrieval procedure, thus ensuring the most effective regularization of the problem. Efficiency of the proposed technique is demonstrated on an example of retrieval of vertical ozone profile from data of ground-based sounding of the atmosphere in the millimeter wavelength range. Results of profile retrieval from model data and from spectra of radiation temperature of the atmosphere measured in the Apatity (67° N, 33° E) in the winter of 2002–2003 are presented.     

目标天体极轨道卫星的轨道寿命

星际探测器轨道的特征与探测目的密切相关，对目标天体两级地区进行探测显然采用的是极轨道（或接近极轨道）。对于这类卫星（或称轨道器），如果轨道半长径较大，则会因第三体报骚动国导致轨道偏心率增大，使其近星距减小到等于目标天体的赤道半径而落到该天体上，结束其运动寿命，即使目标天体不存在大气（如月球等）亦会如此。     

我国不同类型卓越工程师人才培养的思考

通过剖析我国卓越工程人才培养过程中存在的问题,提出从高校自身、校企结合、政府扶持等多方面改善工程人才培养过程,在注重理论的基础上关注实验、实践的重要作用,将不同类型的工程师培养标准融入高校工程人才培养之中,加强校企结合,高校和企业共同设计培养目标,制定培养方案,共同实施培养过程。     

Properties of transit trajectory in the restricted three and four-body problem

In the restricted three-body problem if the Jacobi constant is just below the value corresponding to Lagrangian point only a little neck exists around the equilibrium point and capture trajectories are indicated as low-energy. Capture properties depend on the dynamics around these critical points and qualitative results can be obtained using linearized systems. In this paper, to study transit trajectory properties in the restricted three and four-body problem, the Earth–Moon–Sun–Satellite system is considered as example and studied using different models. In the circular restricted three-body problem (Earth–Moon–Satellite), transit, non transit and asymptotic trajectories, are easily identified by using the principal reference frame. Dynamics around Lagrangian point are then studied introducing the Moon eccentricity into the elliptical restricted three-body model. A preferential region for transit orbit is individuated and studied as a function of eigenvalue properties. To introduce the Sun effect, the bi-circular four-body model is considered and dynamics around Lagrangian points studied as a function of angular distance between Earth–Sun and Earth–Moon line. Finally, results obtained in the elliptical three-body model and bi-circular four-body model, are compared with numerical simulations using real Sun–Moon–Earth ephemeris.     

高职语文课程的生存现状及问题分析

受功利主义教育价值观影响，高职语文日益被边缘化。各高校在高职语文课程目标着眼点上认识还很不一致；教材中心现象突出；教学实践模式化，缺乏创新和发展。     

我国高校教学质量保证体系存在的问题及完善的对策

教学质量保证体系是高校运行的中心环节,也是形成高校核心竞争力的根本措施。我国高等教育已经进入大众化阶段,开始由教育大国向教育强国迈进。在这个过程中,我们将面临一系列的机遇和挑战,为了实现我国高等教育长久、持续、平稳发展,必须及时解决教学质量保证体系中存在的问题,促进教学质量保证体系的健康发展。     

一类微分方程正解存在唯一性的研究

对微分方程正解的存在性的探讨已经很丰富,但当微分方程是超线性时,证明正解唯一的讨论并不多,为此讨论了一类自治渐近(超)线性微分方程的正解存在唯一性问题.给出了一个正解存在唯一的充分条件。     

我国企业债券信用评级存在的问题与对策

由于我国企业债券发展时间短,在发展过程中出现了许多问题.其中,企业债券信用评级的不完善是一个重要方面.文章分析了我国企业债券信用评级的现状和存在的问题,并借鉴美国发展企业债券信用评级的经验,进而提出规范发展我国企业债券信用评级问题的五点对策.     

非货币性交易准则运用中存在的几个问题

非货币性交易准则是我国第一部涉及非货币交易业务的法规，它主要对企业非货币交易的会计核算和相关信息的披露进行规范。准则及指南的颁布，为非货币性交易的理解、执行、操作带来方便，但其存在的问题也是显而易见的，本文对这些问题进行分析，并提出了初步的解决思路。     

混合解析/数值方法在含高频振荡点源项的欧拉方程数值计算上的应用

 通过模型方程分析看到了一个重要的现象, 如果源项涉及的时间尺度远小于对流项的时间尺度, 那么基于对流时间尺度作为步长的传统数值方法, 即使源项相对于墩流项是个小量, 也会导致平均尺度上错误的结果。为了克服这种困难, 采用时间分裂方法, 把方程分裂成含对流项部分的偏微分方程( PDE) 和包含源项的常微分方程(ODE) 基础上, PDE 使用传统的数值方法, ODE 用解析的方法求解。该混合方法在数值格式时间步长小于平均流动时间尺度时, 得到正确解, 而与点源所隐含的时间尺度无关。把这个方法应用在含源流动的Euler 方程的计算中, 计算了翼型振荡问题, 取得了理想的结果。