驾驶员模型参数变化对飞机纵向着陆品质的影响

本文以装备纵向数字电传操纵系统(DFBW)的某验证机为实例,分析研究了该人-机闭环系统中驾驶员模型参数变化和可能出现的操纵差错对纵向着陆品质的影响。从而得出一些符合实际情况的结论。这些结论对新机研制和即将驾驶装备DFBW飞机的驾驶员是十分有益的。     

斜板滑跳起飞动力学特性研究

综合研究了收音机众航母上斜板滑跳起飞动力学问题，建立了考虑甲板运动，起落架变形运动在内的完整的飞机动力学方程，分析讨论了航母纵摇和垂荡，起落架变形，发动机推力及斜板形状等因素对起飞特性的影响，为飞机采用斜板滑跳起飞可行性提供了理论计算方法。     

The GFZ real-time GNSS precise positioning service system and its adaption for COMPASS

Motivated by the IGS real-time Pilot Project, GFZ has been developing its own real-time precise positioning service for various applications. An operational system at GFZ is now broadcasting real-time orbits, clocks, global ionospheric model, uncalibrated phase delays and regional atmospheric corrections for standard PPP, PPP with ambiguity fixing, single-frequency PPP and regional augmented PPP. To avoid developing various algorithms for different applications, we proposed a uniform algorithm and implemented it into our real-time software. In the new processing scheme, we employed un-differenced raw observations with atmospheric delays as parameters, which are properly constrained by real-time derived global ionospheric model or regional atmospheric corrections and by the empirical characteristics of the atmospheric delay variation in time and space. The positioning performance in terms of convergence time and ambiguity fixing depends mainly on the quality of the received atmospheric information and the spatial and temporal constraints. The un-differenced raw observation model can not only integrate PPP and NRTK into a seamless positioning service, but also syncretize these two techniques into a unique model and algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for both dual-frequency and sing-frequency receivers. Based on the real-time data streams from IGS, EUREF and SAPOS reference networks, we can provide services of global precise point positioning (PPP) with 5–10 cm accuracy, PPP with ambiguity-fixing of 2–5 cm accuracy, PPP using single-frequency receiver with accuracy of better than 50 cm and PPP with regional augmentation for instantaneous ambiguity resolution of 1–3 cm accuracy. We adapted the system for current COMPASS to provide PPP service. COMPASS observations from a regional network of nine stations are used for precise orbit determination and clock estimation in simulated real-time mode, the orbit and clock products are applied for real-time precise point positioning. The simulated real-time PPP service confirms that real-time positioning services of accuracy at dm-level and even cm-level is achievable with COMPASS only.     

火星动力下降自主导航与制导技术研究进展

基于火星定点软着陆探测任务的需求，阐述了火星着陆动力下降导航与制导技术的必要性。首先分析了火星着陆动力下降段导航与制导问题，并总结了动力下降段导航与制导面临的挑战与难点，然后综述了动力下降段导航与制导技术的研究现状。最后针对未来复杂地形区精确着陆，提出了实现火星动力下降段高精度自主导航与制导需要解决的关键问题。     

舰载机进舰任务中的驾驶员变策略控制模型

针对进舰任务中驾驶员的变策略行为,构建了驾驶员控制模型.变策略模型由离散行为模型和连续行为模型组成.使用滑动模态变结构控制方法实现驾驶员离散行为建模,根据飞行训练要求和驾驶员经验,确定滑动模态控制结构中的切换面和控制律参数;驾驶员连续行为采用经典的模型描述,依据转角模型理论确定模型参数.使用一个驾驶员判断偏差大小的功能模块,进行离散行为模型和连续行为模型的切换.通过数值仿真验证了模型的合理性.      

基于实时SSR数据的LEO卫星精密单点定位研究

对目前低轨卫星实时定位的方法进行了研究,现在通常采用GPS定位,使用广播星历和普通晶振,实时定位精度一般在10m以内,不能满足高精度实时定位的需求。IGS组织在全球范围内对GPS跟踪分析,生成精密星历、精密钟差产品、按SSR格式的广播星历和钟差修正产品并在网上发布。对这些IGS产品进行了调查,提出在现有测控支持情况下,可以通过高密度上注SSR信息流实现在轨高精度定位。以某型号低轨微小卫星在轨导航增强载荷为应用背景,用IGS03产品中的1057和1058数据对双频GPS接收机的星历和钟差进行修正,采用递推最小二乘估计和LAMDA模糊度固定过对载波相位和伪距信息进行处理,在短时间内获得亚米级定位结果。     

Single crater-aided inertial navigation for autonomous asteroid landing

In this paper, a novel crater-aided inertial navigation approach for autonomous asteroid landing mission is developed. It overcomes the major deficiencies of existing approaches in the literature, which mainly focuses on the case where craters are abundant in the camera field of view. As a result, traditional crater based methods require at least three craters to achieve crater matching, which limits their application in final landing phase where craters are scarce in the camera’s field of view. In contrast, the proposed algorithm enables single crater based crater matching based on a novel 2D-3D crater re-projection model. The re-projection model adopts inertial measurements as a reference, and re-projects the 3D crater model onto descent images to achieve the matching to its counterpart. An asteroid landing simulation toolbox is developed to validate the performance of the proposed approach. Through comparison with the state-of-the-art local image feature and crater based navigation algorithms, the proposed approach is validated to achieve a competitive performance in terms of feature matching and pose estimation accuracy with a much lighter computational cost.     

深空着陆器随机优化制导律设计

针对导航估计误差对制导精度的不利影响,提出了一种随机优化制导设计方法。该方法将导航估计性能作为优化项引入制导设计过程中,通过对观测轨迹的优化设计,使视觉导航估计精度得到提高,进而改善了制导性能;同时,引入单步超前优化方法减少迭代运算量。将其应用于深空探测着陆任务,仿真结果表明与传统估计最优制导方法相比,该随机优化制导律有效降低了估计误差给制导系统带来的不利影响,使着陆器导航与制导系统整体性能得到改善提高。     

基于三维地形匹配的月球软着陆导航方法研究

针对月球探测器定点着陆任务的需要,研究了基于三维地形匹配的导航方法。对三维地形匹配问题,将高程方差图局部极值点作为三维地形特征,在构建地形特征之间的相对位置与角度不变量的基础上,提出了基于投票的三维地形匹配策略。针对测量噪声统计特性的不确定性,将Sage\|Husa噪声估计算子与迭代卡尔曼滤波相结合,通过对测量噪声进行在线估计有效避免滤波精度下降甚至滤波发散的出现。数字仿真结果表明所研究的导航方法能够有效地实现探测器相对位置和姿态的精确估计。     

某型飞机前起落架回中凸轮故障分析和改进措施

推导了某型飞机前起落架回中凸轮最小压力角和最大压力角的计算公式。通过与其同类型飞机前起落架凸轮压力角的比较,指出某型飞机前起落架凸轮刚开始使用的时候,上、下凸轮接触面比较光滑,其摩擦系数比较小,此时实际压力角大于最小压力角,凸轮可以顺利回中;使用一段时间后,凸轮发生了磨损,表面粗糙度升高,上、下凸轮之间的摩擦系数增大,所需最小压力角相应增大;当凸轮之间的摩擦系数增大到一定程度后,回中所需的最小压力角将大于实际压力角,导致凸轮不能回中。但是,当凸轮的压力角增大,摩擦力也相应的增大,对上、下凸轮的磨损也增大,导致摩擦系数增大;当转弯作动筒驱动力不足以克服上、下凸轮之间的摩擦力和下部构件的重力而使凸轮转动时,前起落架操纵转弯将会变得困难。在不改变某型飞机前起落架缓冲性能的前提下,适当加大了凸轮的设计压力角,解决了前起落架凸轮不能回中的问题,并且前起落架可以顺利操纵转弯。