基于状态空间法的快速俯仰运动建模研究

通过对过失速机动运动规律和气动力特性进行简要分析,说明了过失速机动气动力建模思路;采用状态空间法建立了快速俯仰运动气动力模型,并对模型的输出方程进行了分析和简化;验证结果表明,气动力模型具有较好的预测结果。     

Thrusting maneuver control of a small spacecraft via only gimbaled-thruster scheme

The thrust vector control (TVC) scheme is a powerful method in spacecraft attitude control. Since the control of a small spacecraft is being studied here, a solid rocket motor (SRM) should be used instead of a liquid propellant motor. Among the TVC methods, gimbaled-TVC as an efficient method is employed in this paper. The spacecraft structure is composed of a body and a gimbaled-SRM where common attitude control systems such as reaction control system (RCS) and spin-stabilization are not presented. A nonlinear two-body model is considered for the characterization of the gimbaled-thruster spacecraft where, the only control input is provided by a gimbal actuator. The attitude of the spacecraft is affected by a large exogenous disturbance torque which is generated by a thrust vector misalignment from the center of mass (C.M). A linear control law is designed to stabilize the spacecraft attitude while rejecting the mentioned disturbance torque. A semi-analytical formulation of the region of attraction (RoA) is developed to ensure the local stability and fast convergence of the nonlinear closed-loop system. Simulation results of the 3D maneuvers are included to show the applicability of this method for use in a small spacecraft.     

基于特征模型的挠性航天器姿态快速机动研究

刚体卫星的大角度姿态机动可以用常规的四元数反馈控制,当挠性帆板的振动和中心刚体的耦合系数很大时,大角度快速机动后姿态的稳定度较差．结合特征建模理论,设计一种卫星大角度机动的黄金分割控制算法,对三轴带挠性帆板的航天器姿态机动进行仿真,仿真结果表明,机动完成后的控制精度比四元数反馈控制方法的精度高一个数量级以上。     

实现快速轨道大机动的混合制导策略研究

主要研究了在有限推力情况下远程快速轨道交会的制导控制问题,提出了采用速度增益制导结合E制导的混合轨控方案实现两冲量轨道精确交会。通过仿真验证,各方向制导位置控制精度在100 m量级,各方向速度控制精度在m/s量级,2种制导方法能很好地实现交班转换。该方法工程可实现性好,可满足远程快速轨道交会制导要求。     

民用飞机控制律对偏航机动载荷影响分析

飞机机动过程中方向舵快速大幅偏转会使方向舵和垂尾上产生较大气动载荷并传递到后机身,导致 驾驶员来回往复蹬舵造成安全事故。针对 CCAR-25部25.351条规定的偏航机动情况及 CS-25部25.353规定的偏航机动新条款——方向舵往复偏转,本文首先对两种偏航机动条款分别进行分析;然后考虑控制律进行 偏航机动情况机动仿真计算;最后通过比较分析飞机响应运动参数及垂尾载荷计算结果,并分析控制律对偏航 机动载荷的影响。结果表明:对于偏航机动,考虑控制律后飞机的响应幅度有所缓减,导致垂尾载荷有所降低; 对于偏航机动新条款,由于方向舵反向偏转导致侧滑角贡献和方向舵偏度贡献垂尾载荷两者叠加,从而导致垂 尾载荷大幅增加;P-Beta控制律有效降低了方向舵往复偏转的垂尾载荷。     

基于空间两点的视觉自主着陆导引算法设计

为提高无人机着陆效率,从着陆速度向量场和导引律设计两方面研究改进。首先,基于椭圆设计速度向量场,实现飞行路程更短、机动性能要求更低的着陆轨迹。然后,基于像素坐标系与机体坐标系的关系,设计无人机的航迹方位角指令;以椭圆切线方向为参考,结合合作矢量特征,设计航迹倾斜角指令;利用图像信息,设计速度大小指令。最后,理论比较了传统轨迹与提出轨迹对方向机动性性能的要求,给出了轨迹参数与无人机方向机动性性能的关系。利用Simulink搭建系统仿真平台,计算满足要求的合作矢量特征。结果表明,无人机以曲线轨迹准确软着陆到目标,满足实际运用的需要。      

基于势函数法的航天器自主姿态机动控制

主要研究存在禁止姿态的航天器自主姿态机动控制问题.首先,给出航天器的动力学和运动学模型,利用四元数描述航天器与机动姿态和禁止姿态的姿态偏差,用相应的欧拉转角描述不同姿态间的距离.为利用势函数完成禁止姿态回避,结合航天器的运动情况设计排斥势函数(RPF)存在条件后,根据禁止姿态最小允许夹角构造一种新的排斥势函数.接着,利...     

Orbit determination of BeiDou navigation satellite system maneuvered satellites based on instantaneous velocity pulses parameters

The BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) comprises geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites as well as inclined geosynchronous orbit (IGSO) and medium earth orbit (MEO) satellites. Owing to their special orbital characteristics, GEO satellites require frequent orbital maneuvers to ensure that they operate in a specific orbital window. The availability of the entire system is affected during the maneuver period because service cannot be provided before the ephemeris is restored. In this study, based on the conventional dynamic orbit determination method for navigation satellites, multiple sets of instantaneous velocity pulses parameters which belong to one of pseudo-stochastic parameters were used to simulate the orbital maneuver process in the orbital maneuver arc and establish the observed and predicted orbits of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites of BeiDou regional navigation satellite system (BDS-2) and BeiDou global navigation satellite system (BDS-3). Finally, the single point positioning (SPP) technology was used to verify the accuracy of the observed and predicted orbits. The orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered satellites can be greatly improved by using the orbit determination method proposed in this paper. The overlapping orbit determination accuracy of maneuvered GEO satellites of BDS-2 and BDS-3 can improve 2–3 orders of magnitude. Among them, the radial orbit determination accuracy of each maneuvered satellite is basically better than 1 m. simultaneously, the combined orbit determination of the maneuvered and non-maneuvered satellites does not have a great impact on the orbit determination accuracy of the non-maneuvered satellites. Compared with the multi GNSS products (indicated by GBM) from the German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ), the impact of adding the maneuvered satellites on the orbit determination accuracy of BDS-2 satellites is less than 9 %. Furthermore, the orbital recovery time and the service availability period are significantly improved. When the node of the predicted orbit is traversed approximately 3 h after the maneuver, the accuracy of the predicted orbit of the maneuvered satellite can reach that of the observed orbit. The SPP results for the BDS reached a normal level when the node of the predicted orbit was 2 h after the maneuver.     

携带晃动燃料柔性航天器姿态机动中的同宿环分叉研究

本文研究了带液体晃动和柔性附件的耦合航天器系统在液体燃料耗散和柔性附件扭转振动的作用下,经历从最小惯量轴到最大惯量轴姿态机动中的混沌动力学行为.将液体晃动等效为球摆模型并由此建立了带柔性附件充液航天器多体耦合系统动力学模型.首先推导出耦合系统动力学方程并采用Melnikov积分预测受扰系统稳定与不稳定流形是否横截相交,得到了参数形式表达的混沌运动解析判据,这对航天器的设计有重要的指导意义.研究发现,混沌的发生依赖于刚体形状,阻尼比,充液比和扭转振动频率.此外,在经过被动再定向姿态机动后,由于液体晃动的本质非线性特性,充液航天器最终将进行大章动角的周期极限环运动而非绕着最大惯量轴自旋.     

一种基于机动辨识预测的空空导弹导引律

现有的空空导弹导引头在有噪声和干扰的环境下获得目标精确信息存在时间延迟,且新一代目标的机动能力更强,不对导弹加以补偿会造成较大脱靶量,所以需对目标状态有效预测。针对新一代目标规避空空导弹常用的大机动模式,为满足新一代空空导弹发展需求,设计了一种新型复合导引律。从目标自身出发,研究高机动目标规避导弹采用的典型机动形式,对机动轨迹进行离线建模,构建具有扩展能力的目标机动模型库。设计自适应滤波器对测量噪声进行降噪。同时,利用模型库设计了机动辨识预测器,对目标实际机动进行在线辨识。基于在线辨识的结果对目标机动进行预测,并对时间延迟进行补偿和修正,实现对高机动目标的精确打击。仿真结果表明:该方法对不同类型的机动目标均有较高的预测精度和命中精度。