机翼对自转旋翼机纵向稳定性的影响

为了研究机翼对自转旋翼机纵向稳定性的影响,针对某复合式自转旋翼机,建立了基于状态空间法描述的非线性全量方程数学模型。该模型包含自转旋翼、机身、螺旋桨、机翼和尾翼的气动模型、动态入流模型和稳定性分析模型。运用该模型对比研究了样例自转旋翼机和样例复合式自转旋翼机的纵向稳定性。研究结果表明：机翼的增加对于浮沉模态和短周期模态稳定性是有利的;对于旋翼转速模态稳定性是不利的,在设计复合式自转旋翼机时可以考虑增加旋翼桨尖配重来提高此模态的稳定性。机翼的纵向位置对自转旋翼机的纵向稳定性有显著影响。在机翼纵向位置能满足配平约束条件下,机翼纵向位置越靠后,迎角稳定性越好,但旋翼转速稳定性越差。在设计复合式自转旋翼机时,机翼纵向位置的选择要综合考虑这两个因素进行折中。     

Identification method for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom

A comprehensive method based on system identification theory for helicopter flight dynamics modeling with rotor degrees of freedom is developed. A fully parameterized rotor flapping equation for identification purpose is derived without using any theoretical model, so the confidence of the identified model is increased, and then the 6 degrees of freedom rigid body model is extended to 9 degrees of freedom high-order model. Bode sensitivity function is derived to increase the accuracy of frequency spectra calculation which influences the accuracy of model parameter identification. Then a frequency domain identification algorithm is established. Acceleration technique is developed furthermore to increase calculation efficiency, and the total identification time is reduced by more than 50% using this technique. A comprehensive two-step method is established for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification which increases the numerical stability of model identification compared with single step algorithm. Application of the developed method to identify the flight dynamics model of BO 105 helicopter based on flight test data is implemented. A comparative study between the high-order model and rigid body model is performed at last. The results show that the developed method can be used for helicopter high-order flight dynamics model identification with high accuracy as well as efficiency, and the advantage of identified high-order model is very obvious compared with low-order model.     

可压缩多介质流动问题的高精度数值模拟方法

在可压缩流动问题的数值模拟领域,激波的高分辨率计算已取得重要进展.但是包含物质界面的可压缩多介质流动的数值模拟还存在诸多数值挑战,主要表现为界面处数值耗散过大和非物理振荡等问题.界面处流体性质的不连续性是造成可压缩多介质流动问题物理建模与数值方法困难的主要原因.为了建立一套高效的可压缩多介质流动问题的高精度数值模拟方案...     

二氧化硅过渡层表面开口孔面积对层合玻璃力学性能影响

研究二氧化硅过渡层表面开口孔的大小对航空层合玻璃力学性能的影响.利用扫描电镜测试分析多孔二氧化硅过渡层的表面开口孔形貌,利用万能试验机测试含多孔二氧化硅过渡层的层合玻璃中无机玻璃/聚氨酯界面的剪切强度.以实验获得的开口孔形状为依据,以ANSYS软件建立含多孔二氧化硅过渡层的层合玻璃有限元实体模型,模拟获得不同孔面积条件下的多孔二氧化硅/聚氨酯界面的张应力.结果表明:随着多孔二氧化硅孔面积的增加,层合玻璃中无机玻璃/聚氨酯界面的剪切强度先迅速增大后缓慢降低;当单孔面积为52.61 μm2时,制备的层合玻璃有较好的力学性能.     

多孔板水升华器在恒热流条件下的试验研究

探索了多孔板的制造方法,设计了水升华器试验组件和试验装置,对不同的多孔板升华器在恒热流条件下进行了试验研究.试验重点研究了不同热流密度、多孔板物理参数、给水室压力及升华器放置情况对升华器性能的影响,并对水升华器的击穿特性进行了讨论.试验结果证明文中提出的升华器基本的设计概念是可行的,粉末烧结多孔板可以满足升华器的试验要求.最后,给出了关于水升华器进一步设计的一些有益的结论.     

Particle Acceleration Mechanisms

In this paper we review the possible mechanisms for production of non-thermal electrons which are responsible for the observed non-thermal radiation in clusters of galaxies. Our primary focus is on non-thermal Bremsstrahlung and inverse Compton scattering, that produce hard X-ray emission. We first give a brief review of acceleration mechanisms and point out that in most astrophysical situations, and in particular for the intracluster medium, shocks, turbulence and plasma waves play a crucial role. We also outline how the effects of the turbulence can be accounted for. Using a generic model for turbulence and acceleration, we then consider two scenarios for production of non-thermal radiation. The first is motivated by the possibility that hard X-ray emission is due to non-thermal Bremsstrahlung by nonrelativistic particles and attempts to produce non-thermal tails by accelerating the electrons from the background plasma with an initial Maxwellian distribution. For acceleration rates smaller than the Coulomb energy loss rate, the effect of energising the plasma is to primarily heat the plasma with little sign of a distinct non-thermal tail. Such tails are discernible only for acceleration rates comparable or larger than the Coulomb loss rate. However, these tails are accompanied by significant heating and they are present for a short time of <10⁶ years, which is also the time that the tail will be thermalised. A longer period of acceleration at such rates will result in a runaway situation with most particles being accelerated to very high energies. These more exact treatments confirm the difficulty with this model, first pointed out by Petrosian (Astrophys. J. 557:560, 2001). Such non-thermal tails, even if possible, can only explain the hard X-ray but not the radio emission which needs GeV or higher energy electrons. For these and for production of hard X-rays by the inverse Compton model, we need the second scenario where there is injection and subsequent acceleration of relativistic electrons. It is shown that a steady state situation, for example arising from secondary electrons produced from cosmic ray proton scattering by background protons, will most likely lead to flatter than required electron spectra or it requires a short escape time of the electrons from the cluster. An episodic injection of relativistic electrons, presumably from galaxies or AGN, and/or episodic generation of turbulence and shocks by mergers can result in an electron spectrum consistent with observations but for only a short period of less than one billion years.     

利用平滑约束复原方法处理CCD相机遥感图像

重点研究了频域平滑约束复原方法以及该方法对遥感领域中的实际应用，文章先介绍了平滑约束复原方法的理论基础，然后用该方法对CCD相机的遥感图像进行了复原处理，讨论了遥感器系统调制传递函数（MTF）曲线的拟合，遥感器系统MTF矩阵的构造以及复原参数的选择。可以得出结论，在一定条件下，利用平滑约束复原方法可以有效地改善整个系统的调制传递函数，从而使图像变得清晰。     

Spatial variation of the supersonic thermal plasma flow downstream of the termination shock

In this paper we start from the most recently observed fact that the solar wind plasma after passage over the termination shock is still supersonic with a Mach number of about 2. To explain this unexpected phenomenon and to predict the evolution of properties of the downstream plasma flow we here consider a two-fluid proton plasma with pick-up protons as a separate suprathermal, second proton fluid. We then formulate a self-consistent system of hydrodynamical conservation equations coupling the two fluids by dynamical and thermodynamical coupling terms and taking into account the effects of newly incorporated protons due to charge exchange with the H-atoms in the heliosheath. This then allows us to predict that in the most probable case the solar wind protons will become subsonic over a distance of about 30 AU downstream of the shock. As we can also show, it may, however, happen that the plasma mixture later again reconverts to a supersonic signature and has to undergo a second shock before meeting the heliopause.     

Report on the Kiso cometary dust trail survey

Cometary dust trails were first observed by IRAS; they are widely known to be the origins of meteoric showers. A new window has been opened for the study of dust trails, using ground-based observations. We succeeded in obtaining direct images of the 22P/Kopff dust trail with the Kiso 1.05-m Schmidt telescope. Following this initial success, we have continued to perform a dust trail survey at Kiso. As a result of this survey, we have detected dust trails along the orbit of six periodic comets, between February 2002 and March 2004. The optical depth of these dust trails are 10⁻⁹ to 10⁻⁸, which is consistent with IRAS measurements. In this paper, we describe the observations and data reduction procedures, and report the brief result obtained between February 2002 and March 2004.     

计算参数对数值修正载荷识别算法的影响

针对在载荷识别计算中经常遇到的累积误差问题,提出了一种在每个时间步长内迭代修正的 载荷识别算法。首先利用拟静态算法得到载荷初值,再使用数值迭代算法对其进行修正计算,仿真结果表明,该修正算法可以有效地减小由于累积误差导致的发散,得到收敛的识别结果。针对上述算法,本文以多输入多输出简支梁为模型,分别分析了区间放大系数、区间分割系数和精确度指标3个计算参数对于识别结果的影响。计算结果显示,参数的选择对算法的效率和精度影响很大,不当的参数甚至可能引起识别结果严重发散,所以选择合适的计算参数对于数值修正算法十分重要。