圆极化天线在远场条件下的测试方法

在微波暗室远场条件下,设计了一种利用线极化天线测量圆极化天线的方法.基于圆极化波的分解理论,利用线极化天线进行两次正交测量,所得结果通过公式换算,得到圆极化天线的方向性图和增益.通过多次对圆极化天线进行实际测试,验证了此方法的有效性,满足了实际应用的需要.     

32颗GPS卫星星座空间覆盖特性建模与仿真

GPS卫星要准确完成定位功能可见卫星数应不少于4颗.通过建立针对低轨、中高轨和大椭圆轨道目标卫星的GPS信号空间几何覆盖模型,利用Matlab计算针对低轨、中高轨和大椭圆轨道的可见卫星数,对目前美国32颗GPS卫星星座的空间覆盖特性进行仿真.仿真结果显示,32颗GPS卫星星座不仅可以对低轨目标实现全轨道覆盖,而且对中高轨和大椭圆轨道也有所覆盖,大大扩展了24颗GPS卫星星座的空间应用.     

一种新的星载GPS定轨滤波算法

针对传统EKF(Extended Kalman Filtering)算法应用于星载GPS(Global Positioning System)低轨卫星定轨时系统噪声方差初值不易确定的问题,提出了一种新的定轨滤波算法.该算法在非线性方程线性化过程中,在前一时刻滤波估值点进行线性化,从而得到扰动方程,并将该扰动方程引入到传统EKF进行滤波处理.该算法与传统EKF分别应用在星载GPS低轨卫星的定轨中,通过比较,结果表明改进的算法在一定程度上抑制了由于系统噪声方差阵选取偏差较大而引起的滤波发散现象,且对于系统噪声方差的初值选取有较强的鲁棒性.      

用于识别两颗故障卫星的RAIM算法

提出了一种可以识别两颗故障卫星的接收机自主完好性监测算法.将最优奇偶矢量法应用于两颗故障卫星识别,指出由于故障偏差可能会抵消而使得正确识别率较低.对最优奇偶矢量法进行了改进,利用对单颗卫星故障敏感的最优奇偶矢量对所有可能的两颗故障卫星组合分别构造两个新的奇偶矢量,用于两颗故障卫星的检测和识别.计算机仿真结果显示,改进后的算法与直接利用最优奇偶矢量法相比,可以显著提高两颗故障卫星正确识别率,识别率可超过90%.同时,改进算法的奇偶矢量构造方法简单,计算量将减少90%以上,更有利于工程实现.      

Bioinspired polarized light compass in moonlit sky for heading determination based on probability density estimation

Bioinspired polarized skylight navigation, which can be used in unfamiliar territories, is an important alternative autonomous navigation technique in the absence of Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS). However, the polarization pattern in night environment with noise effects and model uncertainties is a less explored area. Although several decades have passed since the first publication about the polarization of the moonlit night sky, the usefulness of nocturnal polarization navigation is ...     

一种快速响应型小卫星的自主任务规划设计与应用

浦江一号卫星是由上海航天技术研究院研制的一颗快速响应型小卫星,于2015年9月成功发射,卫星质量347 kg,运行在高度481 km的太阳同步轨道.为高效、高精度识别定位地面大范围广泛而随机分布的电磁辐射目标,浦江一号卫星提出了基于单星电磁信号监测载荷与光学成像载荷综合应用的在轨自主任务规划方案.在轨应用表明:该设计解...     

UWB与GNSS结合的室内外一体化定位系统设计

针对电力北斗安全应用、自动驾驶导航等应用场景对室内外一体化无缝定位的迫切需求,设计了一种将UWB与GNSS结合的一体化无缝定位系统.通过将UWB标签与小型化GNSS模块集成到手持智能设备上形成一体化定位终端,服务器软件对卫导结果与超宽带定位结果进行融合,输出连续定位结果.实验结果表明,该系统可以实现人员的室内外一体化无...     

航空声纳浮标定位的数据融合方法研究

声纳浮标由于受到多种随机因素的干扰,定位精度相差很大,在对具有一定散布海域的潜艇目标进行探测时,往往会投放多枚定位浮标,出现数据冗余的现象。针对这一问题,本文提出了浮标定位算法中的一种数据融合算法;并分析了加权融合和非线性最小二乘数据融合的方法,最后通过仿真验证了这种算法的有效性和可行性。     

Comparative analysis of four different single-frequency PPP models on positioning performance and atmosphere delay retrieval

Single-frequency precise point positioning (SF-PPP) has attracted increasing attention due to its high precision and cost effectiveness. With various strategies to handle the dominant error, i.e., ionosphere delay, the ionosphere-float (IF), ionosphere-free-half (IFH), ionosphere-corrected (IC), and ionosphere-weighted (IW) SF-PPP models are certain to possess different characteristics and performance levels. This study is dedicated to assessing and comparing the four models from model characteristics, positioning performance, and atmosphere delay retrieval. The model comparison shows that IC and IW models are full-rank while IF and IFH models have a rank deficiency of size one that will result in biased estimations, which means the better solvability of IC and IW models. The experiments are carried out based on the 7-day Global Positioning System (GPS) observations collected at 57 global Multi-GNSS Experiment (MGEX) stations and Global Ionosphere Map (GIM) products. The results indicate that the IW model can accelerate SF-PPP convergence and achieve higher positioning accuracy compared to the other three SF-PPP models, especially in kinematic mode. With convergence criteria of 0.25 m in horizontal and 0.5 m in vertical, the east/north/up convergence times of IW model are 0.5/15.0/25.0 min and 0.5/16.0/36.5 min for static and kinematic modes, respectively. The IW model is able to achieve an instantaneous positioning accuracy of 0.28/0.35/0.75 m. In addition, a real kinematic test also demonstrates the best positioning solutions of IW model. Regarding troposphere delay retrieval, the IF, IFH, and IW models obtain a comparable daily accuracy of 3.0 cm on average, while the IC model achieves the worst accuracy of 8.0 cm. For precise ionosphere delay estimation, IW model only needs an average initialization time of 34.3 min, but a longer initialization time of 51.6 min is required for IF model. The daily precision of ionosphere delay estimation for IW model can reach up to 10.8 cm. At the present accuracy of GIM products, it is suggested that the IW model should be adopted for SF-PPP first due to its superior performance in positioning and atmosphere delay retrieval.     

Application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique on monitoring GEO satellites

Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites are widely used because of their unique characteristics of high-orbit and remaining permanently in the same area of the sky. Precise monitoring of GEO satellites can provide a key reference for the judgment of satellite operation status, the capture and identification of targets, and the analysis of collision warning. The observation using ground-based optical telescopes plays an important role in the field of monitoring GEO targets. Different from distant celestial bodies, there is a relative movement between the GEO target and the background reference stars, which makes the conventional observation method limited for long focal length telescopes. CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique is applied on monitoring GEO targets. In the case of parking the telescope, the good round images of the background reference stars and the GEO target at the same sky region can be obtained through the alternating observation of CCD drift-scan mode and CCD stare mode, so as to improve the precision of celestial positioning for the GEO target. Observation experiments of GEO targets were carried out with 1.56-meter telescope of Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. The results show that the application of CCD drift-scan photoelectric technique makes the precision of observing the GEO target reach the level of 0.2″, which gives full play to the advantage of the long focal length of the telescope. The effect of orbit improvement based on multi-pass of observations is obvious and the prediction precision of extrapolating to 72-h is in the order of several arc seconds in azimuth and elevation.