Comprehensive outage compensation of real-time orbit and clock corrections with broadcast ephemeris for ambiguity-fixed precise point positioning

The main challenge in real-time precise point positioning (PPP) is that the data outages or large time lags in receiving precise orbit and clock corrections greatly degrade the continuity and real-time performance of PPP positioning. To solve this problem, instead of directly predicting orbit and clock corrections in previous researches, this paper presents an alternative approach of generating combined corrections including orbit error, satellite clock and receiver-related error with broadcast ephemeris. Using ambiguities and satellite fractional-cycle biases (FCBs) of previous epoch and the short-term predicted tropospheric delay through linear extrapolation model (LEM), combined corrections at current epoch are retrieved and weighted with multiple reference stations, and further broadcast to user for continuous enhanced positioning during outages of orbit and clock corrections. To validate the proposed method, two reference station network with different inter-station distance from National Geodetic Survey (NGS) network are used for experiments with six different time lags (i.e., 5 s, 10 s, 15 s, 30 s, 45 s and 60 s), and one set of data collected by unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) is also used. The performance of LEM is investigated, and the troposphere prediction accuracy of low elevation (e.g., 10–20degrees) satellites has been improved by 44.1% to 79.0%. The average accuracy of combined corrections before and after LEM is used is improved by 12.5% to 77.3%. Without LEM, an accuracy of 2–3 cm can be maintained only in case of small time lags, while the accuracies with LEM are all better than 2 cm in case of different time lags. The performance of simulated kinematic PPP at user end is assessed in terms of positioning accuracy and epoch fix rate. In case of different time lags, after LEM is used, the average accuracy in horizontal direction is better than 3 cm, and the accuracy in up direction is better than 5 cm. At the same time, the epoch fix rate has also increased to varying degrees. The results of the UAV data show that in real kinematic environment, the proposed method can still maintain a positioning accuracy of several centimeters in case of 20 s time lag.     

Performance analysis of PPP ambiguity resolution with UPD products estimated from different scales of reference station networks

Integer ambiguity fixing with uncalibrated phase delay (UPD) products can significantly shorten the initialization time and improve the accuracy of precise point positioning (PPP). Since the tracking arcs of satellites and the behavior of atmospheric biases can be very different for the reference networks with different scales, the qualities of corresponding UPD products may be also various. The purpose of this paper is to comparatively investigate the influence of different scales of reference station networks on UPD estimation and user ambiguity resolution. Three reference station networks with global, wide-area and local scales are used to compute the UPD products and analyze their impact on the PPP-AR. The time-to-first-fix, the unfix rate and the incorrect fix rate of PPP-AR are analyzed. Moreover, in order to further shorten the convergence time for obtaining precise positioning, a modified partial ambiguity resolution (PAR) and corresponding validation strategy are presented. In this PAR method, the ambiguity subset is determined by removing the ambiguity one by one in the order of ascending elevations. Besides, for static positioning mode, a coordinate validation strategy is employed to enhance the reliability of the fixed coordinate. The experiment results show that UPD products computed by smaller station network are more accurate and lead to a better coordinate solution; the PAR method used in this paper can shorten the convergence time and the coordinate validation strategy can improve the availability of high precision positioning.     

Near real-time PPP-based monitoring of the ionosphere using dual-frequency GPS/BDS/Galileo data

Ionosphere delay is very important to GNSS observations, since it is one of the main error sources which have to be mitigated even eliminated in order to determine reliable and precise positions. The ionosphere is a dispersive medium to radio signal, so the value of the group delay or phase advance of GNSS radio signal depends on the signal frequency. Ground-based GNSS stations have been used for ionosphere monitoring and modeling for a long time. In this paper we will introduce a novel approach suitable for single-receiver operation based on the precise point positioning (PPP) technique. One of the main characteristic is that only carrier-phase observations are used to avoid particular effects of pseudorange observations. The technique consists of introducing ionosphere ambiguity parameters obtained from PPP filter into the geometry-free combination of observations to estimate ionospheric delays. Observational data from stations that are capable of tracking the GPS/BDS/GALILEO from the International GNSS Service (IGS) Multi-GNSS Experiments (MGEX) network are processed. For the purpose of performance validation, ionospheric delays series derived from the novel approach are compared with the global ionospheric map (GIM) from Ionospheric Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs). The results are encouraging and offer potential solutions to the near real-time ionosphere monitoring.     

水上飞机纵向稳定性判别方法研究

水上飞机的稳定性不论在水上飞机的设计阶段还是试验阶段都是设计人员关注的焦点,稳定性是水上飞机在水面安全起降、滑行的保证。为解决传统水上飞机稳定性判别方法的难操作性,结合滑行艇稳定界限估算方法,对已开展且具有代表性的水上飞机单船身稳性试验结果进行了计算分析、总结,并采用数据优化等方法得到了纵稳性限界拟合方程,通过相关试验数据的逆向校核,证明了所得回归公式的准确性。经多次验证,方法不仅可以在开展单船身模型试验时用以确定后续工况,还能为水上飞机的纵向稳性性能研究提供参考。     

基于统计分析模型的飞行器落点预报方法

目前飞行器落点预报主要采用人机交互方式进行处理,而不同人员计算出的结果存在较大差异.针对该问题,提出了一种基于四阶龙格库塔计算方法的落点预报分布式计算统计分析模型.该模型根据飞行器的运行轨迹特性和在无动力、无控制、常质量段的预报落点具有集中分布的特点,采用零假设和备择假设统计方法对预报落点过滤选择,并对有效预报落点求其数学期望值.采用实际测量数据对所提出的模型进行了可行性和有效性验证,试验结果表明,该模型不仅具有较强的实时性、稳定性,而且当飞行器运行距离在数千千米时,该方法计算出的平面位置误差仅为几十米.     

控制问题中航空发动机飞行包线区域最优划分

结合最优化理论和线性系统理论,对控制问题中航空发动机飞行包线区域划分方法展开了研究。分析了发动机线性状态空间模型与进气道出口气流总温总压参数有关特性。在此基础上定义了飞行包线内任意两飞行点间的广义距离,提出将飞行包线区域划分与标称点设计问题转化为一个基于该广义距离的最大覆盖优化问题,即选择尽量少的标称点实现对飞行包线区域的覆盖。以涡扇发动机及其进气道为例,采用文中方法对其包线区域进行了划分计算,并对标称点与其覆盖区域内最远点处发动机线性化模型进行了比较。结果表明,该区域划分和标称点选择的优化方法的有效性。     

稳态消谐法在零序电阻消除铁磁谐振分析中的应用

唯一稳态消谐法是近年出现的消除非线性系统谐振新的分析方法。该方法的基本思想是如果非线性系统存在一个非谐振的正常解,并且该系统具有唯一的稳态,则此时对应的条件就是系统不发生谐振的条件。将这一方法应用在中性点接地电力系统铁磁谐振的分析中,以向量比较原理为工具,得到相应的消谐条件。结果表明,消除谐振的条件可以用一个常数矩阵的HURWITZ条件来决定,并用数值模拟进行验证,表明结果是正确的,同时也说明唯一稳态消谐法的有效性。     

基于方向投影的堑壕和交通壕自动检测

对航空照片上堑壕和交通壕的判读是野战工事判读中一项重要的内容，对堑壕和交通壕影像的检测是该项判读工作的技术基础。本文提出了航空照片图上的基准点，并给出了基于方向投影基准点的堑壕和交通壕自动检测方法。     

飞机活动半径与飞行等时点

飞机活动半径与飞行等时点是在特殊或者紧急飞行情况下,根据飞机实际油量选定最有利的紧急备降机场,保证飞机在安全距离或者最短时间内在备降机场降落的一种紧急情况处置方法。本文通过理论分析和实例验证,提出在曲折航线飞行中,用实际飞行资料精确计算飞机活动半径和飞行等时点位置的新的计算方法。     

数控加工的对刀方法与技巧

论述了对刀在数控加工中的重要性，并介绍了数控机床的几种对刀方法。