基于均匀设计优化绶草体细胞胚胎发生发育体系及扫描电镜观察

以绶草Spiranthes sinensis茎尖为外植体,应用均匀设计法对各步骤各主要因子和水平的作用进行了试验探讨.结果表明,绶草茎尖胚性愈伤组织诱导的适宜培养基为:LS+6-BA0.78 mg·L~(-1) +NAA2.0 mg·L~(-1),诱导率为98.7%;体胚发育及植株再生的适宜培养基为:LS+6-BA1.00 mg·L~(-1)+IAA0.08 mg·L~(-1).在合适的培养条件下,体胚萌发率达到99%,萌发的体胚成苗率达到100%.扫描电镜的观察证实了绶草体细胞胚胎再生的实质.     

A policy iteration method for improving robot assembly trajectory efficiency

Bolt assembly by robots is a vital and difficult task for replacing astronauts in extra-vehicular activities (EVA), but the trajectory efficiency still needs to be improved during the wrench insertion into hex hole of bolt. In this paper, a policy iteration method based on reinforcement learning (RL) is proposed, by which the problem of trajectory efficiency improvement is constructed as an issue of RL-based objective optimization. Firstly, the projection relation between raw data and state-action space is established, and then a policy iteration initialization method is designed based on the projection to provide the initialization policy for iteration. Policy iteration based on the protective policy is applied to continuously evaluating and optimizing the action-value function of all state-action pairs till the convergence is obtained. To verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method, a noncontact demonstration experiment with human supervision is performed. Experimental results show that the initialization policy and the generated policy can be obtained by the policy iteration method in a limited number of demonstrations. A comparison between the experiments with two different assembly tolerances shows that the convergent generated policy possesses higher trajectory efficiency than the conservative one. In addition, this method can ensure safety during the training process and improve utilization efficiency of demonstration data.     

Numerical study on combustion efficiency of aluminum particles in solid rocket motor

The combustion of aluminum particles in solid rocket motor plays an important role in energy release of propellants. However, due to the limited residence time, aluminum particles may not be burned completely, thus hindering the improvement of specific impulse. This study aims to explore the characteristics of aluminum combustion efficiency and its influencing factors by experiments and numerical simulations, providing a guideline for engine performance improvement. As an input of simulation, the initial agglomerate size was measured by a high pressure system. Meanwhile, the size distribution of the particles in plume was measured by ground firing test to validate the numerical model. Then, a two-phase flow model coupling combustion of micro aluminum particle was developed, by which the detailed effects of particle size, detaching position and nozzle convergent section structure on aluminum combustion efficiency were explored. The results suggest that the average combustion temperature in the chamber drops with increasing initial particle size, while the maximum temperature increases slightly. In the tested motors, the aluminum particle burns completely as its diameter is smaller than 50 μm, and beyond 50 μm the combustion efficiency decreases obviously with the increase of initial size. As the diameter approaches to 75 μm, the combustion efficiency becomes more sensitive to particle size. The combustion efficiency of aluminum particle escaping from end-burning surfaces is significantly higher than that from internal burning surface, where the particle combustion efficiency decreases during approaching the convergent section. Furthermore, the combustion efficiency decreases slightly with increasing nozzle convergent section angle. And theoretically it is feasible to improve combustion efficiency of aluminum particles by designing the convergent profile of nozzle.     

A new approach for pulse amplitude measurement using Lagrange’s interpolation for radiation or particle detectors

In radiation detector signal processing, usually, the charge-sensitive preamplifier converts the small charge signal coming from the semiconductor-based detector into voltage form and then the signal is further amplified to measure the energy of the incoming radiation. The voltage pulse from a charge-sensitive preamplifier (CSPA) is amplified using a shaping amplifier which reduces the signal bandwidth. To achieve better energy resolution, precise measurement of the peak amplitude of shaping amplifier output is required. The signal processing methods are available in which the signal from the charge-sensitive preamplifier can be directly digitized using high-speed Analog to Digital Converters (ADC), and then further signal processing such as gain and shaping is carried out inside the Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). For multiple detector systems, digital signal processing methods are quite difficult to implement in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA). In this context, The development of an alternative technique is initiated that uses a charge-sensitive preamplifier, shaping amplifier, low sampling analog-to-digital converter, and FPGA, where LaGrange’s interpolation technique is implemented in FPGA to precisely measure the peak of the analog pulse. In this paper, the comparison of the proposed method with other pulse amplitude measurement techniques is discussed. Results show that the implemented technique gives similar energy resolution compared to digital pulse processing and standard peak detector-based techniques.     

Prediction of electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance

To overcome the problems encountered in predicting the endurance of electricpowered fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs),which were stemmed from the dynamic changes in electric power system efficiency and battery discharge characteristics under different operating conditions,the required battery power model and battery discharge model were studied.The required battery power model was determined using an approximate model of electric power system efficiency based on wind tunnel testing and the self-adaptive penalty function.Furthermore,current correction and ambient temperature correction terms were proposed for the trained Kriging model representing the discharge characteristics under standard operation,and then the discharged capacity-terminal voltage model was established.Through numerical integration of this model with the required battery power model,the electric-powered fixed-wing UAV endurance prediction model was obtained.Laboratory tests indicated that the proposed endurance model could precisely calculate the battery discharge time and accurately describe the battery discharge process.The similarity of the theoretical and flight test results reflected the accuracy of the proposed endurance model as well as the importance of considering dynamic changes in power system efficiency in endurance calculations.The proposed endurance model meeting precision requirements can be used in practical engineering applications.     

几种植物精油对桔小实蝇的产卵忌避作用

比较了6种植物精油对桔小实蝇Bactrocera dorsalis的产卵忌避效果.结果表明:辣椒油、樟脑油、冬青油和香茅油的产卵忌避效果明显,其中香茅油的产卵忌避作用最强,而肉桂油和香紫苏油的效果较弱.不同质量浓度的植物精油处理间的产卵忌避效果存在显著差异.香茅油和冬青油的产卵忌避作用随质量浓度的升高而增强,当质量浓度为7 000 μg/mL时,忌避率最高;辣椒油和樟脑油则是5 000 μg/mL的质量浓度产卵忌避效果最好.4种植物精油产卵忌避作用的持效期存在差异,与对照相比,辣椒油持效期最长,可维持6 d;香茅油持效期最短,仅1 d;冬青油和樟脑油可维持4 d.大空间下的试验表明,辣椒油、樟脑油和冬青油处理过的杨桃上的着卵量均显著低于对照,但3种精油之间无显著差异.