跨声速翼型设计

以给定的压力分布或速度分布作为目标，引入目标压力分布与保角变换模Ｈ的关系，给出求解流场和变换模Ｈ的反复迭代，逐步收敛到目标压力分布。通过积分变换模Ｈ就可以得到物理平面上翼型外形（ｘ，ｙ）的坐标，达到设计翼型的目的。以ＧＫ７２－０５－１２和Ｎｏ．７５目标压力分布为例设计出的翼型与相应翼型几何外形相当一致。     

一种结合深度学习的运动去模糊视觉SLAM方法

针对高动态环境下视觉同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)系统的可靠性受运动模糊的限制,研究了一种基于生成对抗网络(GAN)和AKAZE特征点的运动去模糊视觉SLAM方案。首先,对因相机快速运动而产生的模糊图像进行AKAZE特征点的提取与检测,并根据特征点分布的丰富程度计算图像块权重,结合灰度图像的方差信息建立特征点与模糊程度之间的量化关系表;然后,将达到模糊分数阈值的图像同步输入至改进GAN模型,该网络以端对端的形式恢复中心模糊帧的纹理信息;最后,对输出的清晰图像重新进行位姿估计,以参与ORB-SLAM2后端优化过程。在公开数据集TUM上进行测试,对于受模糊影响较严重的数据集,该方案可以显著降低相机轨迹估计的整体误差,同时维持较好的鲁棒性。     

月球测绘学分类及应用展望

根据月球测绘的研究现状及发展趋势,对月球测绘学的概念进行了溯源与拓展。在分析月球测绘学与地球测绘学主要差异基础上,从传统测绘学科分类角度出发,综合考虑月球测绘学特殊性,重新梳理出月球测绘学主要学科专业分类,并详细介绍了每个学科专业的定义及国内外研究现状,给出了月球测绘学的五个主要应用领域及其应用展望。我国应尽早开展月球测绘理论与技术研究,形成完整的月球测绘学科体系,能够有力地促进我国空间科学技术的发展,保障后续探月工程的顺利实施。     

Negative VTEC with spherical harmonic expansion model under different solar activity conditions

The Earth’s ionosphere can be described by a spherical harmonic (SH) expansion up to a specific degree. However, there exist negative vertical total electron content (VTEC) values in the global ionosphere map (GIM) with the SH expansion model. In this contribution, we specifically investigated the negative VTEC values that are induced by the SH expansion model and validated the performance of the inequality-constrained least squares (ICLS) method in eliminating the negative VTEC values. The GPS data from 2004 to 2017 was selected to cover one solar cycle and the experiments under different solar activity conditions were analyzed. The results in our work show that the occurrence of the negative VTEC values is attributed to the deficiency of the SH expansion model when the VTEC itself is small instead of the unevenly distribution of the GNSS stations. The negative VTEC values appear periodically in the temporal domain, showing apparently one year and half year periods. During one year, two peaks in June and December can be observed in the time series of the negative VTEC values. The number of negative VTEC values in June is obvious larger than that in December. During one solar cycle, the number of negative VTEC values under quiet solar activity condition is obvious larger than that under strong solar activity condition. In the spatial domain, the appearance of the negative VTEC values is strongly related with the movement of the subsolar point. In the latitude of the subsolar point has the largest magnitude, the negative values will appear on the opposite hemisphere and the further from the subsolar point the more negative values. The maximum number of the negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere appears in June, while the peak value in the northern hemisphere appears in December. The maximum number of negative VTEC values in the southern hemisphere is generally larger than that in the northern hemisphere. In addition, the negative VTEC values are distributed both at middle latitude and high latitude in the southern hemisphere, while they are mainly distributed at high latitude in the northern hemisphere. When the ICLS method is used, the negative VTEC values can be eliminated efficiently and it has nearly no influence on the positive VTEC values. The ICLS method can also improve the receiver’s differential code bias (DCB) and significantly decrease the unreasonable negative slant TEC (STEC) values along the lines of sight. Using the final GIM product of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPLG) as a reference, the root mean square (RMS) of the ICLS solution shows maximum 25%, 20% and 45% improvement relative to the least squares (LS) solution at northern high latitude, southern middle latitude and southern high latitude, respectively.     

顾及动态物体感知的增强型视觉SLAM系统

传统的同步定位与制图（Simultaneous localization and mapping, SLAM）系统在复杂环境下工作时，无法分辨环境中的物体是否存在运动状态，图像中运动的物体可能导致特征关联错误，引起定位的不准确和地图构建的偏差。为了提高SLAM系统在动态环境下的鲁棒性和可靠性，本文提出了一种顾及动态物体感知的增强型视觉SLAM系统。首先，使用深度学习网络对每一帧图像的动态物体进行初始检测，然后使用多视图几何方法更加精细地判断目标检测无法确定的动态物体区域。通过剔除属于动态物体上的特征跟踪点，提高系统的鲁棒性。本文方法在公共数据集TUM和KITTI上进行了测试，结果表明在动态场景中定位结果的准确度有了明显提升，尤其在高动态序列中相对于原始算法的精度提升在92%以上。与其他顾及动态场景的SLAM系统相比，本文方法在保持精度优势的同时，提高了运行结果的稳定性和时间效率。     

POBI interpolation algorithm for CYGNSS near real time flood detection research: A case study of extreme precipitation events in Henan,China in 2021

In late 2016, NASA launched the first constellation of the global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) small satellites called the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS). The stable data quality and continuous free availability of CYGNSS scientific data provided a new method for flood monitoring. However, owing to the pseudorandom distribution of CYGNSS data, researchers must always choose between high temporal resolution and high spatial resolution during the performance of flood monitoring based on CYGNSS data. For floods caused by extreme precipitation with sudden and short durations, the current flood mapping based on CYGNSS data cannot be updated in near real time. However, the near real time update of the flood distribution range is meaningful for postdisaster emergency response and rapid rescue. This study aimed to address this problem using a newly proposed spatial interpolation method based on previously observed behaviour (POBI). First, a method for calculating the surface reflectivity of the CYGNSS was introduced, followed by the principle of the POBI spatial interpolation method. The applicability of the POBI method in Henan Province, China, was then analysed, and by using the flood in Henan Province, China, in July 2021 as an example, the feasibility of CYGNSS near real time flood mapping based on the POBI method was evaluated. Based on the results, near real time and 3 km flood distribution monitoring results can be obtained using the proposed new method. The results were evaluated using MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) images and compared with the observations of SMAP (Soil Moisture Active Passive) and GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) in the same period. The results show that the flooded areas obtained by CYGNSS correspond to the inundated areas in MODIS images and are also in high agreement with the SMAP. In addition, CYGNSS allows for finer mapping and quantification of inundation areas and flood duration. Moreover, we also discussed the potential of CYGNSS to detect floods in shorter periods of time (a few hours) and did a preliminary evaluation using precipitation data from meteorological stations. The results are also highly consistent.     

1-D dusty photo-ionization models of WR planetary nebulae NGC 2452 and IC 2003

We report dusty photo-ionization models for two Planetary Nebulae NGC 2452 and IC 2003, which have [WR] type central stars, using 1D photo-ionization code Cloudy17.02. We used the medium resolution optical spectra and archival IRAS photometry to constrain our models. The physical size of the ionized nebula derived using accurate distance measurements and absolute H$\beta$ flux available in the literature were used as additional constrains. We examine the importance of photo-electric heating and found that models with and without considering photo-electric heating do not make significant difference for both PNe for the MRN grain size distribution considered in this study. We derive the nebular elemental abundances of these PNe by the empirical method as well as by making dusty photo-ionization models. The values of N/O ratios for both PNe obtained from our models are lower than their respective values arrived using empirical methods. The central stars are assumed to be black bodies and the photospheric temperatures derived respectively for NGC 2452 and IC 2003 from their best fit models are 182 kK and 155 kK and their respective luminosities are 630$L_{\odot }$ and 1015$L_{\odot }$. We propose that both the PNe were resulted from low-mass progenitors of mass $?$2.8 M_⊙.