一种多源测距与视觉惯性融合的月球车定位方法

针对月球车月面探测活动任务中对高精度定位的需求,当前视觉惯性定位方法存在误差累积,并且在缺乏先验环境信息时无法消除,基于三角测量原理的无线电定位方法可以通过测量接收端到至少三个不同发射端的距离来确定目标物体位置,但需要架设三台以上基站,因此难以满足月面环境下大范围定位的需求。文章提出了一种基于基站无线测距和视觉惯性里程计融合定位方法,以解决上述定位手段存在的问题。该方法首先利用视觉惯性里程计构建的环境模型将WIFI、UHF和UWB三类无线电基站测距信息进行融合,然后将测距结果和视觉IMU信息进行位置联合解算来确定月球车位置,最后在Matlab和Gazebo软件平台上进行仿真验证,在距离基站最远行进1500米的条件下实现了0.92米定位误差。实验结果表明,该方法能够在满足月面探测任务对于精准定位的需求。     

仿尺蠖型火星车设计与验证

针对传统被动悬架式火星车在火星复杂地形运动中可能存在的问题，设计了仿尺蠖型火星车，包括沉陷脱困设计、爬坡设计、防托底设计和抬轮设计；识别了仿尺蠖型火星车移动系统的关键参数，计算得到不同火星车抬升高度的关键参数值和一个尺蠖运动周期的位移值；计算结果表明仿尺蠖型火星车可以解决被动悬架式火星车的上述问题。对所设计的仿尺蠖型火星车开展了地面试验和飞行试验验证，地面试验验证了车轮沉陷脱困能力、越障能力和爬坡能力；作为仿尺蠖型火星车应用的实例，“祝融号”火星车成功经历了飞行试验，它在火星表面的顺利运行表明仿尺蠖型火星车设计措施有效。     

“祝融号”火星车反射面天线设计

针对“天问一号”火星探测器“祝融号”火星车的探测通信任务需求，提出了一种X频段轻小型宽频圆极化反射面天线。该反射面天线采用了新型一体化紧凑馈源技术，实现馈源长度和口径减小20%的同时提高了反射面天线的口径效率，抵挡了火星的尘埃影响。经过对馈源进行的仿真优化，最终实测结果表明，该天线在7.1～8.4GHz内口径效率可达62.3%,在深空探测的工作频带范围内具有较好的增益、驻波和圆极化特性，该天线已成功应用于“天问一号”火星探测器“祝融号”火星车。     

1-D dusty photo-ionization models of WR planetary nebulae NGC 2452 and IC 2003

We report dusty photo-ionization models for two Planetary Nebulae NGC 2452 and IC 2003, which have [WR] type central stars, using 1D photo-ionization code Cloudy17.02. We used the medium resolution optical spectra and archival IRAS photometry to constrain our models. The physical size of the ionized nebula derived using accurate distance measurements and absolute H$\beta$ flux available in the literature were used as additional constrains. We examine the importance of photo-electric heating and found that models with and without considering photo-electric heating do not make significant difference for both PNe for the MRN grain size distribution considered in this study. We derive the nebular elemental abundances of these PNe by the empirical method as well as by making dusty photo-ionization models. The values of N/O ratios for both PNe obtained from our models are lower than their respective values arrived using empirical methods. The central stars are assumed to be black bodies and the photospheric temperatures derived respectively for NGC 2452 and IC 2003 from their best fit models are 182 kK and 155 kK and their respective luminosities are 630$L_{\odot }$ and 1015$L_{\odot }$. We propose that both the PNe were resulted from low-mass progenitors of mass $?$2.8 M_⊙.