Variation of ionospheric total electron content at crest of equatorial anomaly in China from 1997 to 2004

The periodic variation of TEC data at Xiamen station (geographic coordinate: 24.4°N, 118.1°E; geomagnetic coordinate: 13.2°N, 187.4°E) at crest of equatorial anomaly in China from 1997 to 2004 is analyzed. The characteristic of TEC association with solar activity and geomagnetic activity are also analyzed. The method of continuous wavelet, cross wavelet and wavelet coherence transform methods have been used. Analysis results show that long-term variations of TEC at Xiamen station are mainly controlled by the variations of solar activities. Several remarkable components including 128–256 days, 256–512 days and 512–1024 days exist in TEC variations. The TEC data at Xiamen station is in anti-phase with geomagnetic Dst index in semiannual time-scale, but this response only exists during high solar activity. Diurnal variation of TEC is studied for different seasons. Some features like the semiannual anomaly and winter anomaly in TEC have been reported.     

过冷大水滴飞溅特性数值分析

针对过冷大水滴（SLD）撞击结冰表面的飞溅现象,开发了基于欧拉法的二维算法程序,该程序将LEWICE飞溅模型和FENSAP飞溅模型耦合到水滴流场控制方程中进行求解,实现了对SLD撞击特性的准定常计算。根据水滴飞溅模型中对于飞溅生成子水滴质量和速度等信息的定义,通过定义控制方程中的源项,将其耦合到控制方程的求解中,进而研究水滴飞溅效应对于撞击特性的影响。研究发现,由于水滴的飞溅作用,导致翼型壁面附近的液态水含量（LWC）分布发生变化;通过对上述两种典型的SLD飞溅模型进行计算分析,发现了SLD撞击特性的一些共性和不同,并揭示了SLD撞击效应的一般特点。     

Near real-time modeling of global ionospheric vertical total electron content using hourly IGS data

The International GNSS Service (IGS) has been providing reliable Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) since 1998. The Ionosphere Associate Analysis Centers (IAACs) model the global ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) and generate the daily GIM products within the context of the IGS. However, the rapid and final daily GIM products have a latency of at least one day and one week or so, respectively. This limits the value of GIM products in real-time GNSS applications. We propose and develop an approach for near real-time modeling of global ionospheric TEC by using the hourly IGS data. We perform an experiment in a real operating environment to generate near real-time GIM (named BUHG) products for more than two years. Final daily GIM products, Precise Point Positioning (PPP) based VTEC resources, and JASON-3 Vertical TEC (VTEC) measurements are collected for testing the performance of BUHG. The results show that the performance of BUHG is very close to that of the daily GIM products. Also, there is good agreement between BUHG and PPP-derived VTEC as well as with JASON-3 VTEC. It is possible that BUHG would be further improved with an increase in available hourly GNSS data.     

考虑泊松比的固体发动机装药贮存寿命预估

以含单个小孔隙的立方体为代表性体积单元,结合弹性力学公式,推导了固体推进剂空穴率与瞬时泊松比的关系,得到泊松比随推进剂老化的变化规律.通过固体推进剂加速老化试验,得到固体推进剂瞬时模量及最大延伸率随贮存时间的变化规律.以固体推进剂瞬时模量和瞬时泊松比为老化参数,结合三维粘弹性有限元计算方法,计算了某发动机装药结构不同贮...     

Calibration errors in determining slant Total Electron Content (TEC) from multi-GNSS data

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is presently a powerful tool for sensing the Earth's ionosphere. For this purpose, the ionospheric measurements (IMs), which are by definition slant total electron content biased by satellite and receiver differential code biases (DCBs), need to be first extracted from GNSS data and then used as inputs for further ionospheric representations such as tomography. By using the customary phase-to-code leveling procedure, this research comparatively evaluates the calibration errors on experimental IMs obtained from three GNSS, namely the US Global Positioning System (GPS), the Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS), and the European Galileo. On the basis of ten days of dual-frequency, triple-GNSS observations collected from eight co-located ground receivers that independently form short-baselines and zero-baselines, the IMs are determined for each receiver for all tracked satellites and then for each satellite differenced for each baseline to evaluate their calibration errors. As first derived from the short-baseline analysis, the effects of calibration errors on IMs range, in total electron content units, from 1.58 to 2.16, 0.70 to 1.87, and 1.13 to 1.56 for GPS, Galileo, and BDS, respectively. Additionally, for short-baseline experiment, it is shown that the code multipath effect accounts for their main budget. Sidereal periodicity is found in single-differenced (SD) IMs for GPS and BDS geostationary satellites, and the correlation of SD IMs over two consecutive days achieves the maximum value when the time tag is around 4?min. Moreover, as byproducts of zero-baseline analysis, daily between-receiver DCBs for GPS are subject to more significant intra-day variations than those for BDS and Galileo.     

Neural network prediction of the topside electron content over the Euro-African sector derived from Swarm-A measurements

This study presents the first prediction results of a neural network model for the vertical total electron content of the topside ionosphere based on Swarm-A measurements. The model was trained on 5 years of Swarm-A data over the Euro-African sector spanning the period 1 January 2014 to 31 December 2018. The Swarm-A data was combined with solar and geomagnetic indices to train the NN model. The Swarm-A data of 1 January to 30 September 2019 was used to test the performance of the neural network. The data was divided into two main categories: most quiet and most disturbed days of each month. Each category was subdivided into two sub-categories according to the Swarm-A trajectory i.e. whether it was ascending or descending in order to accommodate the change in local time when the satellite traverses the poles. Four pairs of neural network models were implemented, the first of each pair having one hidden layer, and the second of each pair having two hidden layers, for the following cases: 1) quiet day-ascending, 2) quiet day-descending, 3) disturbed day-ascending, and 4) disturbed day-descending. The topside vertical total electron content predicted by the neural network models compared well with the measurements by Swarm-A. The model that performed best was the one hidden layer model in the case of quiet days for descending trajectories, with RMSE = 1.20 TECU, R = 0.76. The worst performance occurred during the disturbed descending trajectories where the one hidden layer model had the worst RMSE = 2.12 TECU, (R = 0.54), and the two hidden layer model had the worst correlation coefficient R = 0.47 (RMSE = 1.57).In all cases, the neural network models performed better than the IRI2016 model in predicting the topside total electron content. The NN models presented here is the first such attempt at comparing NN models for the topside VTEC based on Swarm-A measurements.     

On the performance of IRI-2016 to predict the North-South asymmetry of the equatorial ionization anomaly around 73°E longitude

The ionospheric total electron content (TEC) in both northern and southern Equatorial anomaly regions are examined by using the Global Positioning System (GPS) based TEC measurements around 73°E Longitude in the Asian sector. The TEC contour charts obtained at SURAT (21.16°N; 72.78°E; 12.9°N Geomagnetic Lat.) and DGAR (7.27°S; 72.37°E; 15.3°S Geomagnetic Lat.) over 73°E longitude during a very low solar activity phase (2009) and a moderate solar activity (2012) phase are used in this study. The results show the existence of hemispheric asymmetry and the effects of solar activity on the EIA crest in occurrence time, location and strength. The results are also compared with the TEC derived by IRI-2016 Model and it is found that the North-South asymmetry at the EIA region is clearly depicted by IRI-2016 with some discrepancies (up to 20% in the northern hemisphere at SURAT and up to 40% in the southern hemisphere at DGAR station for June Solstice and up to 10% both for SURAT and DGAR for December Solstice). This discrepancy in the IRI-2016 model is found larger during the year 2012 than that during the solar minimum year 2009 at both the hemispheres. Further, an asymmetry index, (A_i) is determined to illustrate the North-South asymmetry observed in TEC at EIA crest. The seasonal, annual and solar flux dependence of this index are investigated during both solstices and compared with the TEC derived by IRI.     

Improving the modeling of bottomside thickness parameters over midlatitudes and high latitudes

This paper investigates bottomside thickness parameters at Digisonde stations over midlatitude and high latitude regions, and compares the diurnal, seasonal, and solar activity variations in 2014 and 2009. The geographic latitudes of high latitude considered in this work are located beyond ±60° and those of midlatitude are located between ±40° and ±60°. The IRI-modeled B0 with ABT-2009 option (B0_IRI) are also examined and compared with four kinds of the B0 values, i.e., the observed B0 (B0_obs) from GIRO, the computed B0 following to Jamjareegulgarn et al. (2017a) (B0_old), the calculated B0 with a correction factor regarding to Jamjareegulgarn et al. (2017b) (B0_new), and the B0 with an average correction factor (B0_new_c_av). The average correction factors are proposed additionally in this work so as to assist occasionally the experimental B0 nonexistence of Digisonde which are equal to 0.2658 and 0.2058 for midlatitudes and high latitudes, respectively. Results show that the diurnal variations of B0_new and B0_new_c_av are in a good agreement with those of B0_obs evidently compared with those of B0_IRI and B0_old at every station during the three seasons over high and middle latitudes. During the three seasons, the diurnal variations of B0_new_c_av show similar trends and are close to one another with the B0_obs and the B0_new with small deviations. The differences between the B0obs and the B0_new_c_av also show similar trends and are close to one another with those between the B0obs and the B0_new. In contrast, the B0_IRI with ABT-2009 option seems to predict the B0 values poorly during the three seasons at high latitudes and some seasons at midlatitudes. The proposed B0_new is useful for computing approximately the observed B0 and the ionogram-based total electron content (ITEC) of Digisonde, and the plasma scale height over midlatitudes and high latitudes.     

锥筒型喷管内壁化学铣切工艺优化

锥筒型喷管内壁化学铣切后同一产品不同部位化铣槽深尺寸散差较大,且不同批次产品铣切后槽深尺寸散差波动也较大,对装配后产品稳定性造成了一定影响。分析认为:由于锥筒型喷管内壁零件的特殊性,化学铣切时零件不同部位溶液的扩散能力不同,导致不同部位铣切速率差异较大,最终不同部位铣槽深度散差较大。根据零件结构特点,设计出新型化学铣切转动装置,该装置实现了零件双向组合旋转,显著降低了零件不同部位溶液扩散差异性,提高了产品化学铣切槽深度尺寸均匀性。此外,研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti材料零件化学铣切时,杂质离子对铣切稳定性的影响,并确定了极限浓度,建立了杂质含量与零件铣切数量的对应关系,以此监测溶液质量,提高了化学铣切稳定性。     

近红外漫反射光谱技术在预浸布质量指标在线测定中的应用

采用近红外漫反射光谱技术对高硅氧/酚醛预浸布的树脂含量、挥发分含量和预固化度等质量指标进行了在线测定。利用偏最小二乘法所建立的树脂含量、挥发分含量和预固化度模型的决定系数R2分别为99.20、99.14和99.11,交叉验证均方差RMSECV分别为0.298、0.144和0.124。利用外部验证集,对模型进行t-检验,在给定显著性水平0.05的情况下,近红外的测定结果和标准方法的测定结果对比,两者不存在显著性差异。该方法在预浸布生产线的应用,为其生产过程中的质量控制提供了一种有效的分析手段。