TEC variability near northern EIA crest and comparison with IRI model

Monthly median values of hourly total electron content (TEC) is obtained with GPS at a station near northern anomaly crest, Rajkot (geog. 22.29°N, 70.74°E; geomag. 14.21°N, 144.9°E) to study the variability of low latitude ionospheric behavior during low solar activity period (April 2005 to March 2006). The TEC exhibit characteristic features like day-to-day variability, semiannual anomaly and noon bite out. The observed TEC is compared with latest International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) – 2007 model using options of topside electron density, NeQuick, IRI01-corr and IRI-2001 by using both URSI and CCIR coefficients. A good agreement of observed and predicted TEC is found during the daytime with underestimation at other times. The predicted TEC by NeQuick and IRI01-corr is closer to the observed TEC during the daytime whereas during nighttime and morning hours, IRI-2001 shows lesser discrepancy in all seasons by both URSI and CCIR coefficients.     

Cross testing of ionosphere models IRI-2001 and IRI-2007, data from satellite altimeters (Topex/Poseidon and Jason-1) and global ionosphere maps

In this study, we use a great body of statistical data covering the entire 23rd solar cycle to cross test data of satellite altimeters, Global Ionosphere Maps and the International Reference Ionosphere models, IRI-2001 and IRI-2007. It is revealed that experimental TEC values of the satellite altimeters regularly exceed the model ones by ∼3 TECU (1 TECU = 10¹⁶ m⁻²). The best possible value of difference between TECs obtained from altimeter and GIM-map data significantly differs for different laboratories: the maximum for CODG data falls on 2.5 TECU, ESAG – 3 TECU, JPLG – 0 TECU, UPCG – 2 TECU. The dependence of experimental and model data root-mean-square deviation on the F10.7 index is shown to be nearly linear. IRI-2001 and IRI-2007 relative errors are characterized by considerable 11-year and annual variations. Given the geomagnetic planetary index K_p under 7, IRI-2001 and IRI-2007 reproduce TEC in the ionosphere with an accuracy of ∼30% relative to measurement data from satellite altimeters. The amplitude of absolute error variations resulting from the difference in ionization enhancement between the model and the real ionosphere during the morning solar terminator transit is ∼5 TECU.     

某型航空活塞发动机排气门烧蚀机理

针对某型航空活塞发动机在运行中因使用国产高铅燃油而时常发生较严重的排气门烧蚀故障的问题,通过对该型发动机上全新、使用过以及已烧蚀排气门的微观金相分析,结合该型发动机的结构设计和实际运行环境分析这种排气门烧蚀故障的发生机理,认为排气门运行温度过高导致排气门密封面上的抗腐蚀保护层被破坏掉是导致排气门烧蚀的根本原因,而高铅燃油中的铅沉积在排气门密封面上导致排气门散热不良是排气门过热的主要原因.据此提出改用低铅燃油减少铅沉积以改善排气门散热条件、降低排气门运行温度的解决方案,经实际运行测试证明排气门密封面上的抗腐蚀保护层得到了有效保护,解决了该型发动机的排气门烧蚀故障.      

基于特征正交分解法的翼型结冰冰形快速预测

为加快翼型结冰冰形的计算速度,提出了一套基于特征正交分解(POD)法的结冰冰形快速预测算法.通过计算流体动力学(CFD)数值模拟计算得到的冰形结果作为样本,以结冰温度单参数变化时为例,详细介绍了POD法预测结冰冰形的实现步骤.考虑结冰温度、结冰时间以及液态水含量的影响,完成了单参数、两参数与三参数变化时的POD结冰冰形快速预测.通过算例结果发现:完成POD预测计算只需几秒钟且POD法与CFD法得到的冰形吻合较好,仅在冰角附近有较小差别,表明POD方法能够快速、准确地得到翼型的结冰冰形.      

Al含量对空心阴极等离子烧结Ti/Ni等原子比TiNiAl合金组织和力学性能的影响

 采用空心阴极等离子烧结工艺制备了Ti/Ni等原子比的Ti_50-x/2Ni_50-x/2Al_x(x=0,3,6,9)合金,研究了Al含量对合金微观组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:未添加铝的合金微观组织主要由NiTi基体、强化相Ti₂Ni、Ni₃Ti及孔隙组成;随着Al含量的提高,合金中Ti₂Ni(Al)数量不断增多,孔隙数量和孔径不断增加,Ni₃Ti(Al)数量不断减少,在Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉中还生成了少量Ni₂TiAl相;合金的抗弯强度随Al含量的提高而增加,并在Al含量为6%时达到最大值296.3 MPa;合金的硬度随铝含量的提高而增加,Ti_45.5Ni_45.5Al₉的硬度值为295.6 HV。     

调节角度对整流支板水滴撞击特性的影响

基于欧拉-拉格朗日法计算空气-水滴两相流场,获得了表面水滴撞击特性及撞击量,并对可调整流支板(调节角度0°和30°)的水滴撞击特性进行研究。计算结果表明:无论偏折角为0°还是30°,支板前缘处都有水滴收集,且沿着弦长方向局部收集率呈越来越小的趋势;而30°支板在偏折处也有水滴收集。同时分析了马赫数、液态水含量、水滴直径对水滴撞击特性的影响,随着来流马赫数、水滴直径的增大,水滴收集系数、撞击水量和撞击极限都是增加的;而随着液态水含量的增加,水滴收集系数和水滴撞击极限是不变的,而撞击水量却是增加的。     

结冰风洞液态水含量测量装置设计与实现

结冰风洞与常规风洞的重要区别就是结冰风洞能够模拟真实大气结冰云雾环境,研究飞行器的结冰特性,因此结冰云雾参数的模拟是结冰风洞主要而且关键的能力。液态水含量是结冰风洞云雾参数中一项重要参数,其准确测量是结冰试验开展的基本前提。冰刀法测量液态水含量在国内外被广泛认可,且冰刀装置作为风洞校测基本手段,写入了结冰风洞校准规范。针对结冰风洞中用于液态水含量测量的冰刀装置,根据其测量原理制定了试验方案;提出了整套装置设计的技术指标并指出其中的技术难点;对总体结构进行了设计,并对关键受力部件进行了强度、刚度分析;进行了关键技术研究,包括冰刀液态水收集系数计算和驱动控制系统设计等;最后将设计出的冰刀装置在结冰风洞中进行了试验验证。试验结果表明：冰刀装置设计合理,液态水收集效果良好,实现了结冰风洞液态水含量的测量标定,且防护罩开闭迅速,实现了结冰时间的精确控制,满足技术指标要求。     

不同氧含量气氛下AlH_3激光点火燃烧特性研究

三氢化铝(AlH_3)作为一种新型含能材料,可显著提升固体推进剂的比冲,具有广阔的发展前景。为了填补国内对AlH_3基础研究的空白,利用激光点火实验台对不同氧含量气氛下的AlH_3进行点火燃烧实验,采用光纤光谱仪、高速相机、双色高温计监测样品点火燃烧过程中的火焰形貌、温度变化、光谱数据等,并对燃烧残留物进行理化特性分析。结果显示,AlH_3在燃烧过程中存在火焰脱离样品的现象。且随着气氛中氧含量的提高,燃烧强度增大,最高温度呈现增大的趋势,由1025.5℃增加到1350.0℃,点火延迟时间缩短,由22ms下降至4ms,燃烧时间呈现先延长后缩短的趋势。高氧含量气氛下与低氧含量气氛下的燃烧残留物形态和成分有很大不同。反应气氛中氧含量的提高可以有效促进AlH_3的点火燃烧性能。     

碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料微波固化试验

采用微波固化技术,对碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料NOL环试样进行固化试验研究。通过开展力学性能测试、电镜扫描及CT扫描,对比分析了热固化与微波固化试样宏观力学性能及微细观形态。结果表明:微波固化与热固化的固化机理不同,微波固化提高了固化反应速率,固化周期缩短了57%;微波固化试样的拉伸强度和层间剪切强度与热固化试样基本相当,但微波固化试样力学性能离散系数更小,碳纤维表面有更多的树脂基体粘附,这是由于微波固化的选择性加热造成的;微波固化试样孔隙率为0.78%～1.05%,稍低于热固化试样。     

Higher order ionospheric propagation effects on GPS radio occultation signals

With the increasing number of remote sensing satellites using the GPS radio occultation technique for atmospheric sounding, the estimation of higher order ionospheric effects and their mitigation have become relevant and important. Due to long ionospheric limb paths, GPS signals are strongly affected by ionospheric refraction during radio occultation. Standard dual-frequency GPS measurements may be used to estimate the first order term of the refractive index. However, non-linear terms such as the second and third order ionospheric terms and ray path bending effects are not considered in occultation measurements so far. Analysing selected CHAMP–GPS occultation events different higher order ionospheric terms are estimated and their effects on dual-frequency range estimation and total electron content (TEC) estimation are discussed. We have found that the separation between the GPS L1 and L2 ray paths exceeds the kilometer level during occultation for a vertical TEC level of more than 160 TEC units. Corresponding errors in the GPS dual-frequency range estimation and TEC estimation are found to exceed the meter and 10 TEC units level, respectively.