液态水含量对防冰表面水膜流动换热的影响

为了研究液态水含量对防冰表面水膜流动换热的影响,基于机翼防冰表面水膜及空气相互作用机理,并考虑水膜表面传热传质过程,建立了水膜与空气的流动换热模型,得到溢流水膜及空气边界层流动换热的积分控制方程,通过对比文献试验结果验证了模型的准确性.在此基础上,比较了不同液态水含量条件下防冰表面水膜厚度及主要热流量的分布情况.结果表明:液态水含量对水膜沿表面厚度分布有明显影响,而对换热过程中各项热流的影响主要集中在水滴撞击区域,加热热流与散热热流随液态水含量的增加呈现相反的变化趋势.     

Present status of very high energy gamma ray observations

Recent results from observations of the southern sky objects are summarized. The unpulsed, persistent very high energy (VHE) emission from the gamma ray pulsars, the Crab and PSR1706-44, is discussed. A process of energetic electrons ejection may take place from a variety of other objects such as from X-ray binaries, similarly to the pulsars. Such an effect may be seen also in pair halos around extragalactic VHE gamma ray emitters, the observational study of which is still in a preliminary stage in the southern hemisphere.     

The GPS measured SITEC caused by the very intense solar flare on July 14, 2000

This work studies the sudden increases in total electron content of the ionosphere caused by the very intense solar flare on July 14, 2000. Total electron content (TEC) data observed from a Global Positioning System (GPS) network are used to calculate the flare-induced TEC increment, δTEC_f, and variation rate, dTEC_f/dt. It is found that both dTEC_f/dt and δTEC_f are closely related with the solar zenith angles. To explain the observation results, we derived a simple relationship between the partial derivative of the flare-induced TEC, ∂TEC_f/∂t, which is a good approximation for dTEC_f/dt, and the solar zenith angle χ, as well as the effective flare radiation flux I_f, according to the well-known Chapman theory of ionization. The derived formula predicted that ∂TEC_f/∂t is proportional to I_f and inverse proportional to Chapman function ch(χ). This theoretical prediction not only explains the correlation of dTEC_f/dt and δTEC_f with χ as shown in our TEC observation, but also gives a way to deduce I_f from TEC observation of GPS network. Thus, the present work shows that GPS observation is a powerful tool in the observation and investigation of solar flare effects on the ionosphere, i.e., the sudden ionospheric disturbances, which is a significant phenomenon of space weather.     

PAN原丝预氧化工艺与氧元素含量相关性研究

利用差热、热重以及元素分析等测试手段测定了预氧化纤维中氧含量,分析了纤维的吸水性对氧含量测定结果的影响,讨论了预氧化温度、走丝速度及牵伸倍数与氧含量的关系,研究了预氧丝氧含量与碳纤维拉伸强度之间的关系.实验结果表明:不同预氧化纤维的吸水性对氧含量的测定结果有不同的影响;氧含量随温度的升高而增加,且温度越高,增加幅度越大;走丝速率越慢,相同温度下氧含量越高;预氧化低温牵伸有利于氧元素的扩散;可以从氧含量接近或处于10%～12%范围的预氧丝中制得较高强度的碳纤维,否则很难制得好的碳纤维.     

我国低Cr高W系列铸造镍基高温合金的发展与应用

介绍了20世纪60年代以来我国五家研究机构共同研制低Cr高W铸造镍基高温合金的研究背景和发展历程.通过对300余炉合金成分和铸造工艺的调整,深化了对C,B,Zr,Co和Nb等元素在合金中作用的认识,对合金中α-W、初生M6C、初生μ相和Ni5Zr等反常相的形成条件、有害作用以及避免措施作了深入研究,最终开发出了K19,K19H,K20,K21和601低Cr高W系列合金,在1000～1100℃温度范围内合金的高温承温能力比同年代合金高10～30℃.但是该系列合金最终没有在航空发动机上得到应用,由此引发的思考也在文中加以论述.     

硫酸环境电解对热等静压钛合金性能的影响北大核心CSCD

酸环境电解去除包套是热等静压成形复杂钛合金构件的关键工序之一。针对目前酸环境电解对热等静压钛合金性能影响研究较少的现状,研究在40℃的硫酸溶液中,不同电解时间对热等静压TA15钛合金表面钝化膜、氢含量和力学性能的影响。结果表明:电解时间分别为15、30、45、60 d时,热等静压TA15钛合金表面钝化膜厚度逐渐增加,到60 d时钝化膜厚度达到了175.3μm;氢含量在15 d时增幅非常小,平均值低于2×10^(-5),30 d后则显著增加,到60 d时平均氢含量达到5.4×10^(-4);热等静压TA15材料屈服和抗拉强度随着电解时间的延长逐渐降低,塑性变化不大。硫酸环境电解直接影响热等静压钛合金材料的表面质量和力学性能,后续需强化工艺控制。     

舞弊审计的方法及内容

文章从舞弊审计的主要特点、舞弊审计应与一般会计报表审计有机结合、舞弊审计的主要方法、舞弊审计的侧重内容等4方面，对如何实施舞弊审计进行了研究和探讨。     

Climatology of global,hemispheric and regional electron content variations during the solar cycles 23 and 24

We present the results of study on the variations of ionospheric total electron content (TEC) by using global, hemispheric, and regional electron contents computed from the global ionospheric maps (GIMs) for the period from 1999 to 2020. For a low and moderate solar activity, the global and regional electron contents vary linearly with solar 10.7 cm radio flux and EUV flux. While a saturation effect in the electron content verses EUV and F10.7 is found during the high solar activity periods at all regions, the maximum effect is observed at low-latitudes followed by high and mid-latitudes region. The extent of saturation effect is more pronounced for F10.7 as compared to EUV. A wavelet transform is applied to global and hemispheric electron contents to examine the relative strength of different variations. The semi-annual variations dominate in the northern hemisphere, whereas annual variations dominate in the southern counterpart. The amplitude of annual variations in southern hemisphere is found to be higher than northern counterpart at all latitudes. This asymmetry in the amplitude of annual variation is maximum at low-latitudes, followed by mid and high-latitudes, respectively. The semi-annual variations are in-phase in both hemisphere and follow the solar cycle. The northern hemisphere depicts relatively large amplitude of semi-annual variations and exhibit the maximum effect at high-latitudes.     

基于车载微波辐射计的地面观测试验方法

微波遥感具有全天时全天候的优点,并对云雾、雨雪和植被等有一定的穿透能力。地基微波辐射计以机动灵活的方式接收地表在微波波段的电磁辐射特性,被广泛用于土壤水分、冻融过程等微波遥感定量试验中。以车载多通道双极化微波辐射计(RPG-6CH-DP)为例,针对不同植被覆盖地表,在内蒙古多伦地区开展了为期3个月的野外观测试验,获得了L(1.4GHz)、C(6.925GHz)、X(10.65GHz)三个频率下的极化亮温观测数据。结果发现,L波段对植被的穿透能力最强,对土壤水分变化最敏感。微波辐射计观测地物的方位角、入射角均对观测亮温有直接影响。这为解译地物微波辐射传输过程及其相互作用机理、各种理论模型的发展和验证、地表参数反演算法的改进,以及相关地球观测卫星计划的载荷方案论证奠定了基础。     

银-锑合金电镀工艺研究

研究了镀液组分及电镀工艺条件对银锑合金镀层锑含量和沉积速度的影响,研究结果表明,镀层锑含量随电流密度、氰化钾含量、酒石酸锑钾含量的增大而明显提高,随氢氧化钾含量的增加而明显降低,温度、酒石酸钾钠对镀层锑含量影响不大;镀层沉积速度由电流密度决定,镀液组分对其影响不大.根据上述研究结果及霍尔槽试验结果确定了镀液配方及电镀工艺参数,并对按此工艺镀出的镀层进行了全面性能检测.