低耗散高可信度格式及其在气动力热计算中的应用

本文简要介绍了TVD类型格式中近似黎曼解的耗散机理,该耗散机制对于粘性问题的计算有较大的负面影响.通过引入低耗散的格式,所发展的数值方法对粘性流场的气动力热问题的计算具有较高的精度.以该数值方法为基础发展的软件系统,在亚跨超和高超声速领域中的气动力热问题上均得到了验证,计算结果与实验进行了对比验证,表明该计算软件系统具有较高的可信性.     

液体燃料脉冲爆震发动机点火方法研究

目前脉冲爆震发动机的起爆主要采用爆燃向爆震转变的方式实现,而爆燃波发展缓慢,消耗了循环周期的很长一段时间。为缩短爆燃向爆震转变的时间和距离,本文研究了一种新型蒸发管点火系统,用蒸发管对两相混合物进行预蒸发,在预燃室内点火形成火焰射流进入主爆震室,实现主爆震室内两相混合物的快速短距离起爆。热态实验在内径120mm,长2500mm的爆震室上进行。与火花塞直接在主爆震室点火相比起爆时间可以从12.5ms缩短到2～3ms,起爆距离可以从1350mm缩短到775mm。预燃室长度和个数对起爆过程也具有非常明显的影响,长度和个数的增加都有利于爆震波的起爆。     

0018Ni马氏体时效钢电阻点焊工艺试验研究

研究了不同的工艺制度对0018Ni高强度马氏体沉淀硬化时效钢电阻点焊接头显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明采用固溶+焊接+固溶+时效的工艺制度,电阻点焊接头的金相组织和单点剪切力较为理想.     

两步法快速解算编队卫星GPS模糊度

为克服卫星编队飞行实时相对定位中双频模糊度解算速度慢的缺点,结合扩展Kalman滤波(EKF,Extended Kalman Filter),首先采用少数个历元(如10个)相位平滑伪距相对定位结果与 L₆的平均值对滤波初始化,再根据两步法解算双频模糊度,即先解算并正确固定宽巷模糊度,获得较准确的基线分量估值,然后采用选权拟合方法,将基线分量作为约束条件解算并固定双频模糊度.仿真算例计算结果表明,当宽巷模糊度正确固定后,编队卫星间相对定位误差在5cm以内,两步法可以在较短时间(约3min)内固定双频模糊度,为精确解算编队卫星的相对状态提供保障.     

三维物体表面测量光传感技术

建立了小孔成像摄相机模型,提出了将投影仪看作主动相机的隐函数线性模型.采用了四幅相移光栅条纹编解码技术进行数据匹配,提出了基于质量图的枝切截断算法,处理解码过程中由于图像噪声、孔洞、阴影等导致的相位误差.最后,搭建了实验原型系统,选取了实物模型进行测量试验.实验结果表明,该3-D传感系统工作稳定、精度高,在150mm×200mm的测量范围,精度误差约±0.04 mm.     

深空探测器小天体交会段自主导航方法研究

针对深空探测任务中,与小行星交会段的自主导航问题,首先建立探测器在交会段的轨道动力学模型,并提出了2种导航观测方案:1)利用目标天体图像作为观测量;2)利用目标天体视线方向和目标天体夹角作为观测量.然后结合动力学模型和观测模型推导了2种导航方法的滤波算法公式.最后通过蒙特卡罗数值仿真分析方法,估算了2种导航方法的误差值,结果表明误差值在可接受精度范围内,验证了2种自主导航方法是可行的.     

Effects of B on the Microstructure and Oxidation Resistance of Nb-Ti-Si-based Ultrahigh-temperature Alloy

Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys concocted with boron ranging from 0 to 2 at% are prepared by arc-melting technology. The effects of adding boron on their as-melted microstructure and oxidation resistance are analyzed. The (Nb,Ti)ss, β-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ exist in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf alloy, while (Nb,Ti)ss, α-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ and γ-(Nb,Ti)₅Si₃ are present in Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-1B and Nb-22Ti-16Si-6Cr-3Al-4Hf-2B alloys. The oxidation of Nb-Ti-Si-based ultrahigh-temperature alloys is dominated by the diffusion of oxygen through (Nb,Ti)ss. Compared to boron-free alloys, the boron-containing alloys have significantly lower oxidation rate when oxidized at 1 200 °C for less than 50 h, but, for more than 50 h, their oxidation resistance deteriorates.     

基于MCIS技术的相位差变化率单站无源定位

针对最大似然估计（ML）方法求解测相位差变化率单站无源定位问题计算量大、定位慢的问题,本文提出一种利用蒙特卡洛重要性抽样技术（MCIS）高精度、低复杂度的估计方法。根据Pincus定理推导出ML问题的近似全局解,利用重要性抽样（IS）技术构建符合高斯分布概率密度（PDF）的重要性函数,作为样本选取的依据,通过逆变换采样获得样本集,统计样本均值直接得到辐射源位置估计结果。MCIS方法简单易实现且运算量低,能够克服传统ML估计多维网格搜索耗时较长的缺陷,而且对目标位置初始估计误差有较低的敏感性。实验结果表明,MCIS算法在相同测量噪声水平下,定位精度优于EKF、NLS算法,有效减小了初始化估计误差对算法定位精度的影响,也进一步讨论分析了算法参数和不同观测条件对定位性能的影响。     

Novel closed-loop approaches for precise relative navigation of widely separated GPS receivers in LEO

This paper deals with the relative navigation of a formation of two spacecrafts separated by hundreds of kilometers based on processing dual-frequency differential carrier-phase GPS measurements. Specific requirements of the considered application are high relative positioning accuracy and real-time on board implementation. These can be conflicting requirements. Indeed, if on one hand high accuracy can be achieved by exploiting the integer nature of double-difference carrier-phase ambiguities, on the other hand the presence of large ephemeris errors and differential ionospheric delays makes the integer ambiguities determination challenging. Closed-loop schemes, which update the relative position estimates of a dynamic filter with feedback from integer ambiguities fixing algorithms, are customarily employed in these cases. This paper further elaborates such approaches, proposing novel closed loop techniques aimed at overcoming some of the limitations of traditional algorithms. They extend techniques developed for spaceborne long baseline relative positioning by making use of an on-the-fly ambiguity resolution technique especially developed for the applications of interest. Such techniques blend together ionospheric delay compensation techniques, nonlinear models of relative spacecraft dynamics, and partial integer validation techniques. The approaches are validated using flight data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. Performance is compared to that of the traditional closed-loop scheme analyzing the capability of each scheme to maximize the percentage of correctly fixed integer ambiguities as well as the relative positioning accuracy. Results show that the proposed approach substantially improves performance of the traditional approaches. More specifically, centimeter-level root-mean square relative positioning is feasible for spacecraft separations of more than 260 km, and an integer ambiguity fixing performance as high as 98% is achieved in a 1-day long dataset. Results also show that approaches exploiting ionospheric delay models are more robust and precise of approaches relying on ionospheric-delay removal techniques.     

一种方位时变GEO SAR成像处理新算法

针对地球同步轨道合成孔径雷达(GEO SAR)回波模型的距离空变和方位时变问题,提出一种基于改进距离-多普勒(RD)和方位向调频尺度变换(CS)的成像算法。首先引入四阶泰勒展开模型解决成像中存在的弯曲轨迹问题,然后对传统RD算法进行改进,补偿距离空变,最后对方位时变进行建模,通过方位向CS补偿方位时变,使GEO SAR能够进行更大场景的成像。结合天基雷达先进仿真系统(SBRAS)进行仿真,验证了该算法的有效性。