基于单个长基线干涉仪的运动单站直接定位

 针对以往单站无源定位系统中采用的多通道干涉仪或阵列测向系统复杂、易受通道间幅相不一致性影响等缺点,提出了一种基于信号子空间分解的运动单站单个长基线干涉仪(LBI)直接定位(DPD)方法。该方法采用量子粒子群优化(QPSO)方法获得定位初值,再利用Newton迭代方法得到精估计值。仿真结果表明:增加观测器的机动性,可对辐射源实现快速无模糊的定位;定位性能在较高信噪比(SNR)下可接近定位误差的克拉美-罗下限(CRLB),在低信噪比下优于多通道干涉仪仅测角(BO)和长基线相位差变化率定位方法。     

基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的舰船轴频电场信号检测

轴频电场是可在水下探测到的一种运动舰船特征物理场,由于海水的衰减作用,其信号十分微弱。文章提出了一种基于小波包分解和滑动功率谱的微弱舰船轴频电场信号检测方法。首先,利用小波包变换对观测信号进行多子带分解;然后,分别提取各子带信号功率作为检测特征量,使用浮动门限对其进行滑动检测。实测数据和仿真数据处理表明,该方法能够在较低的信噪比条件下有效工作,性能优于传统的功率谱检测方法。     

基于数字包络检波的RNSS通道时延标定方法

提出一种采用数字处理的时延测试方法,用于对导航卫星导航信号发射通道分数码片时延的精确测量。该方法是通过高速A/D（模/数）转换器,对导航卫星下行的BPSK（二进制相移键控）信号和卫星导航秒脉冲进行双通道采样,读取采样数据并进行数据处理。根据秒脉冲信号触发门限上升沿确定时延测量起点,对BPSK采样数据进行平方律检波,获取码片换相点,计算换相点和秒脉冲之间的分数码片时延,并进行滤波器时延校准,从而得到导航卫星发射链路的分数码片时延,该方法不需要进行伪随机信号的捕获和跟踪,测量精度主要取决于采样器采样率。通过在测试中使用一根校准电缆对该方法进行验证,验证结果表明,采用本文提出测试方法的测量误差优于0.3ns。     

基于厚壁工件X射线实时成像的焊缝缺陷自动检测

基于X射线成像的焊缝缺陷自动检测技术对提高工业射线检测的自动化水平具有重要意义。焊缝缺陷在线连续检测的实时性要求较高,随着工件厚度的增加,其焊缝X射线实时图像的信噪比变得很低,使得已有的处理算法难以满足实时性以及有效处理缺陷误检与漏检之间的矛盾。针对这些问题,在分析了传统方法在厚壁工件X射线图像焊缝缺陷自动检测中存在的问题基础上,对传统方法进行了改进,提出了双阈值背景消除法和平行焊接方向波形分析法,然后利用所提出算法之间的冗余性和互补性,融合多种分割结果以解决缺陷误检与漏检之间的矛盾。试验结果表明,所提出的缺陷自动检测方法能够在满足实时性要求的同时,实现缺陷检出,有效避免误检。     

Asymptotic Performance of Sparse Signal Detection Using Convex Programming Method

The detection of sparse signals against background noise is considered. Detecting signals of such kind is difficult since only a small portion of the signal carries information. Prior knowledge is usually assumed to ease detection. In this paper, we consider the general unknown and arbitrary sparse signal detection problem when no prior knowledge is available. Under a Neyman-Pearson hypothesis-testing framework, a new detection scheme is proposed by combining a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT)-like test statistic and convex programming methods which directly exploit sparsity in an underdetermined system of linear equations. We characterize large sample behavior of the proposed method by analyzing its asymptotic performance. Specifically, we give the condition for the Chernoff-consistent detection which shows that the proposed method is very sensitive to the 2 norm energy of the sparse signals. Both the false alarm rate and the miss rate tend to zero at vanishing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), as long as the signal energy grows at least logarithmically with the problem dimension. Next we give a large deviation analysis to characterize the error exponent for the Neyman-Pearson detection. We derive the oracle error exponent assuming signal knowledge. Then we explicitly derive the error exponent of the proposed scheme and compare it with the oracle exponent. We complement our study with numerical experiments, showing that the proposed method performs in the vicinity of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) method in the finite sample scenario and the error probability degrades exponentially with the number of observations.     

航空产品用压敏胶粘带的性能与质量检测

粘接技术为航空工业的发展做出了巨大贡献。作为使用最为广泛的胶粘产品,压敏胶粘带更是功不可没。针对航空产品的生产装配特点,本文简述了压敏胶粘带的性能、表征及测试方法,为航空产品生产装配人员正确、合理地选用压敏胶粘带提供参考。     

Novel approach of crater detection by crater candidate region selection and matrix-pattern-oriented least squares support vector machine

Impacted craters are commonly found on the surface of planets, satellites, asteroids and other solar system bodies. In order to speed up the rate of constructing the database of craters, it is important to develop crater detection algorithms. This paper presents a novel approach to automatically detect craters on planetary surfaces. The approach contains two parts: crater candidate region selection and crater detection. In the first part, crater candidate region selection is achieved by Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi (KLT) detector. Matrix-pattern-oriented least squares support vector machine (MatLSSVM), as the matrixization version of least square support vector machine (SVM), inherits the advantages of least squares support vector machine (LSSVM), reduces storage space greatly and reserves spatial redundancies within each image matrix compared with general LSSVM. The second part of the approach employs MatLSSVM to design classifier for crater detection. Experimental results on the dataset which comprises 160 preprocessed image patches from Google Mars demonstrate that the accuracy rate of crater detection can be up to 88%. In addition, the outstanding feature of the approach introduced in this paper is that it takes resized crater candidate region as input pattern directly to finish crater detection. The results of the last experiment demonstrate that MatLSSVM-based classifier can detect crater regions effectively on the basis of KLT-based crater candidate region selection.     

受热过程树脂浸润流动的超声无损评估

采用空气耦合超声C扫描技术,对非热压罐预浸料在升温和恒温受热过程中树脂的浸润流动变化进行了实时无损检测研究。首先将非热压罐预浸料从室温升至100℃,研究温度变化对树脂流动的影响。在此基础上,研究60℃和80℃恒温过程树脂浸润流动随时间的变化,通过C扫描图片实时、快速检测出树脂的浸润流动变化,并得到树脂沿纤维层厚度方向的浸润流动速率。通过显微组织分析验证了C扫描图像分析的准确性。结果表明,该空气耦合超声C扫描方法是检测纤维网架中树脂浸润流动微观变化的一种快速、有效的方法。     

基于T-S模糊模型的航空发动机非线性分布式控制系统故障诊断

针对航空发动机非线性分布式控制系统的故障诊断问题,首先提出了一种基于飞行包线划分的航空发动机非线性Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)建模方法,建立了具有网络诱导时延的航空发动机非线性分布式控制系统模型,然后将该系统视为离散切换系统,为其建立了具有时延补偿功能的故障观测器,给出了使得观测器误差系统渐近稳定的充分条件.故障检测仿真时间为20s,当第12s时,设定系统发生幅值为0.0025的阶跃型突变故障,仿真结果表明:12s之前,故障观测器保持渐近稳定,当第12s时,残差迅速增大并超过所设定阈值,从而检测到故障的发生.      

适用于非合作发射源的合成孔径雷达无源成像方法

 合成孔径雷达(SAR)具有突出的高分辨率成像能力,在民用和军用领域体现出重要的应用价值。在复杂的作战环境中,提高SAR的电子对抗性能成为SAR技术发展考虑的重要方面。提出一种新的SAR无源成像方法,该成像方法将单部机载SAR接收机或多部机载SAR接收机在不同位置处接收到的回波信号相关,对相关后的信号采用滤波反投影方法进行成像,可重建场景的辐射率。该成像方法不需要已知发射源的波形和位置信息,适用于非合作发射源,具有良好的电子对抗性,并且适用于任意载机飞行轨迹、多基SAR等情形。仿真验证以双基情形为例,验证了该SAR无源成像方法的有效性,并分析了影响成像质量的各关键因素。